Harriot, Thomas, Mss. 6787

Bibliographic information

Author: Harriot, Thomas
Title: Mss. 6787

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Document ID: MPIWG:CMDZM3RQ
Permanent URL: http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/MPIWG:CMDZM3RQ

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Original: British Library
Digital-image: British Library
Text: Stedall, Jacqueline
Copyright for original: British Library
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Copyright for text: Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Library
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Table of contents
1. 3) Ad calculum sinuum 4or differentiarum succedentium [tr: For the calculation of four successive differences of sines. ] 2) De 3o et 4o casu ton syntomon (1. [tr: On cases 3 and 4 of Syntomon ] Ad triangula sphærica obliquangula Vietæ (2. [tr: On Viète's obtuse-angle spherical triangles. ] (3. (4. (5. Analogia per sinus versos, et universalis ad triangula sphærica cuiuscunque conditionis. [tr: Ratio by versed sines, and generally for a spherical trianlge under any conditions. ] (6. Investigatio analogiæ Vietanæ [tr: Investigation of Viète's ratios. ] (7. Vieta lib. 8. resp. pag. 39. Syntomon [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII. Syntomon ] 2) syntomon [tr: 2) Syntomon ] (8. (9. Casuum Limitatio cum designatione adcomodum [tr: Determination of cases with a useful specification ] (10. (11. (12. (13. (14. (15. De 5o, et 6o, casu ton syntomon [tr: On the 5th and 6th cases of syntomon. ] (16. ton syntomon ruminatio. 6 casus exhibantur et omnes varia enunicantur et designantur; ut magis canonicæ formæ ad usus seligantur. [tr: Further thoughts on syntomon. 6 cases are exhibeted and all varations enunicated and specified; so that canonical forms can further be picked out in practice. ] (17. sex casuum ton syntomon duæ selectæ formæ. [tr: Six cases of Syntomon; two chosen forms. ] (18. Exempla operandi per syntomon, secundum duas formas selectas. [tr: Examples of working with Syntomon according to two chosen forms. ] Analogia per sinus versos, et universalis ad triangula sphærica cuiuscunque affectionis conditionis. [tr: Ratio by versed sines, and generally for a spherical trianlge under any conditions. ] 5) Ad calculum sinuum trium differentiarum succedentium [tr: For the calculation of three successive differences of sines. ] 4) 3) 2) 6) Ad calculum sinuum, per progressiones. [tr: For the calculation of sines, by progressisons ] 6) Ad calculum sinuum 5 differentiarum succedentium [tr: For the calculation of 5 successive differences of sines ] 3) Tertariæ differentiæ [tr: Of third differences ] 3) Secundariæ differentiæ [tr: Of second differences ] 3) Primariæ differentiæ [tr: Of first differences ] 2) 1) 7) Archimedes. de cylindro pa. 26. [tr: Archimedes, De cylindro, page 26. ] Archimedes. de cylindro pa. 19. [tr: Archimedes, De cylindro, page 19. ] Archimedes. De cylindro. pag. 14. [tr: Archimedes, De cylindro, page 14. ] Vieta. resp. pag. 42, b. A. De Triangulis rectangulis sphaericis [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 42v. On right-angled spherical triangles. ] Demonstratio eorum quæ desiderant in Vieta. lib. 8. respons. pag. 41.b. sectione 18. [tr: Demonstration of what is missing in Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 41v, section 18. ] 12.) Data summa vel differentia duarum periferiarum, quarum sinus datam habeant rationem: dantur singulares peripheriæ. [tr: Given the sum or difference of two arcs, for which the sines are in a given ratio, the individual arcs are given. ] 13.) Data summa vel differentia duarum peripheriarum, quarum sinus datam habeant rationem: dantur singulares peripheriæ. [tr: Given the sum or difference of two arcs, for which the sines are in a given ratio, the individual arcs are given. ] a.) 1.) De anomalijs Kepler. 284. 290. [tr: Kepler, De anomalijs, pages 284, 290. ] De anomalijs (a.1.) a.1 De anomalijs a.1) De anomalijs 284.290. a.1. Aliter et optime a.1. De anomalijs 299. a.1 De anomalijs Emendatur. Keplerus. 299. [tr: De anomalijs. Amended. Kepler, page 299. ] a.2 De anomalijs a.3.) De anomalijs Kepler. pa. 290. 299. Kepr. [tr: Kepler, page 299. ] 299. Charta. (a.1) de Anomalijs [tr: Page 299, Sheet (a.1), De anomalijs ] Anapherosis trianguli obliquanguli Lansbergi [tr: Anapherosis for oblique-angled triangles, from Lansberg ] Anapherosis Trianguli Vietani [tr: Anapherosis in a triangle of Viète ] Conversio triangul Vietani [tr: Conversion of Viète's triangle ] Datis tribus angulis quaesitur latus. Lansbergi trianguli solutio. [tr: Given three angles, a side is sought. Solution from Lansberg, Triangulorum geometriae. ] De Anapherosi et conversione traingulorum [tr: On Anapherosis and the conversion of triangles ] Datis tribus lateri, quaeruntur anguli [tr: Given three sides, the angles the angles are sought. ] Cornus. Vieta habet 6 sequentes analogias [tr: Horn angle. Viète has the 6 following ratios. ] De Triangulis Sphæricis Rectangulis Cornus [tr: On right-angles spherical triangles. Horn angle. ] Siphon vieta in lib. 8. respons. pag. 37. proportionalia [tr: Viète, in Responsorum liber VIII, page 37, proportionals ] Vieta lib. 8. resp. pag. 37 [tr: Viète, in Responsorum liber VIII, page 37. ] Vieta. lib. 8. responsorum. pag. 37b. [tr: Viète, in Responsorum liber VIII, page 37. ] Vieta lib. 8. resp. pag. 41. b. prop. 18 [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 41v, Proposition 18. ] Vieta. lib. 8. responsorum. pag. 37b. Diagramma ad demonstrationem prop. 12. [tr: Viète, in Responsorum liber VIII, page 37. Diagram for the demonstration of Proposition 12. ] Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 35. prop. 14. proch?on [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 35, Proposition 14, ] Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 35. prop. 14. proch?on [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 35, Proposition 14, ] Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 35. prop. 14. proch?on [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 35, Proposition 14, ] Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 35. prop. 14. proch?on [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 35, Proposition 14, ] Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 38. parapompe. 3. Data summa vel differentia. pag. 37.b. parapompe. data septimi [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 38v. On sines. ] Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 38. Data peripheria compositam Data peripheria differentia duarum perpheriarum [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 38. Given the sum of the arcs Given the difference of two arcs ] Vieta. resp. lib. 8. pag. 37. b. De sinubus [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 38v. On sines. ] Of unæquall progression of sines. For S.W.L. Propositio [tr: Proposition ] Propositio [tr: Proposition ] Problema [tr: Problem ] Ad Auctorium Vietæ in responso ad Romanum [tr: On teh authority of Viète in his response to Romanus ] Propositiones quædam ex Menelauo et Thebit [tr: Certain propositions from Menelaus and Thebit ] Ex libro 3. Spæricorum Menelai secundum traditionem Maurolyci 1 [tr: From Book 3 of Sphærica Menelai, as translated by Maurolicus ] 2 3 4 4. Differentiæ differentiarum [tr: Differences of differences ] 5. Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum [tr: Differences of differences of differences ] 5).2. 5).3. 5).4. 6. Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum [tr: Differences of differences of differences ] 6). 7.) Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum [tr: Differences of differences of differences ] 8.) Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum [tr: Differences of differences of differences ] 9) Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum differentiarum [tr: Differences of differences of differences of differences ] 9) 10) Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum differentiarum [tr: Differences of differences of differences of differences ] 11) Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum differentiarum [tr: Differences of differences of differences of differences ] Appol. lib. 1. prop. 11. De conicis [tr: Apollonius, Book I, Proposition 11. On conics ] Appol. lib. 1. prop. 20. De conicis [tr: Apollonius, Book I, Proposition 20. On conics ] Appol. 22.b. lib. 1. pro. 30. [tr: Apollonius, page 22v, Book I, Proposition 30. ] Appoll. pa: 24.b lib. 1. pr. 33 [tr: Apollonius, page 24v, Book I, Proposition 33. ] lib. 1. Appol. pag. 27. prop. 37. [tr: Book I, Apollonius, page 27, Proposition 37. ] Appol. pag. 28 pro: 38. [tr: Apollonius, page 28, Proposition 38. ] Appol: lib. 1. pag. 28. prop: 38 [tr: Apollonius, page 28, Proposition 38. ] lib. 1. App. pag. 29. pro: 39. [tr: Book I, Apollonius, page 29, Proposition 39. ] pag: 29. b. Appol. pro: 41 [tr: page 29v, Apollonius, Proposition 41. ] pag: 29. Ap. pro: 41 [tr: page 29, Apollonius, Proposition 41. ] pag. 37. Appol. pro: 52 [tr: page 37, Apollonius, Proposition 52. ] De ellipsi. [tr: On the ellipse ] pappus. 321 Datæ, coniugatæ elypseos diametri ab, cd. Quæruntur axes. [tr: Pappus, page 321. Given conjugate ellipses with diameters ab, cd, there are sought the axes. ] Locus in sphaeram concavu et convexa, videtur in catheto. fallitur Baptista de Ben: pag: 339 343 344 Viet. lib. 8. res. prop. 14. proch?on pag. 35. [tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, Proposition 14, page 35. ] Vieta resp. pag. 12. lin: 9, De quadrataria [tr: Viète, Responsorum, page 12, line 9, On the quadratirix ] Hyperboles descriptio. per 51. pr. 3: lib. Appollonij [tr: A description of a hyperbola, by Propostion 53, Book 3, of Apollonius. ] Bap: de Ben: pag: 349 334 [tr: Baptista de Benedictis, page 349, 334 ] Barocius. pag. 104. Appol. lib: 1. pag. 25 prop: 34. Elementa tactus [tr: Apollonius, Book 1, page 25, Proposition 34. Elements of tangents. ] 1) circa 5 data puncta quæ sunt in ellipsi hklmn ellipsin describere. [tr: Around 5 given points which are on an ellipse hklmn, describe the ellipse. ] 2) Circa 5 data puncta ellispin describere [tr: To describe an ellipse around five given points. ] 4.) Circa 5 data puncta ellipsin describere. pappus. 320 [tr: To draw an ellipse through 5 given points. Pappus, page 320. ] Archimedes de quad: centro gravitatis parabolæ Ubaldus. pag: 172. de centro gravitatis [tr: Archimedes, on the centre of gravity of a parabola, Ubaldus page 172 ] Barocius. pag. 98. ut in elementa conico ad tactus prop. 34. lib. 1. Appol. [tr: as in the elements of tangents to a cone, Proposition 34, Book 1, of Apollonius. ] B.2. Appol. lib. 1. pr. 21 De hyperbola [tr: Apollonius, Book I, Proposition 21. On the hyperbola. ] Leviticus. cap. 18 Some considerations rising upon the 23. p. of Archimedes De Quadratura parabolæ & the 17 & 18 chap. of Viætus his responsorum. pa. 29. In Dato Cono: invenire datam parabolam ad pag: 37. Appol. [tr: In a given cone, to find a given parabola, as page 37 of Apollonius. ] Page: 0
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[Note:
The columns show the first, second, third, and fourth differences of an interpolated table with constant fourth difference.


3) Ad calculum sinuum 4or differentiarum
[tr: For the calculation of four successive differences of sines.]
Æquatio ista
examinata
fuit per induct
ione ad aliam

[tr: This equation has been examined by the induction used to demonstrate the other.]
Reductio
superioris
æquationis
in [¿?].
[tr: The separation of the above equation into parts]
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[Note:
At the top of the page the entries from Add MS 6787, f. 20, now written with common denominator 24.
The lower half of the page shows the first and second differences of the


Superiorum primariæ
[tr: First differences of the above.]

Secundariæ
[tr: Second differences.]
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[Note:
This page contains further work on Viète's statement of 'Syntomon' in Chapter XIX, Proposition 21, Variorum responsorum liber VIII
Quæ per factionem sub sinibus peripheriarum & adplicationem ad sinum totum exurgunt, eadem opere additionis vel subductionis præsto sunt.
Cum duæ peripheriæ angulum acutum componunt, est
Vt sinus totus ad sinum duplum primæ, ita sinus secundæ ad sinum complementi differentia, minus sinu complementi composita.

What appears from a combination of the sine of the arcs, dividing the sine of the total, is also shown by the operations of addition and subtraction.
When two arcs contain acute angles, then as the whole sine is to twice the sine of the first, so is the sine of the second to the sum of the sine of the complement of the difference minus the sine of the complement of the


De 3o et 4o ton syntomon
[tr: On cases 3 and 4 of Syntomon]
Etsi duo priores casus
sufficiunt ad operationes:
duo tamen sequentes ad
argumentationes sunt ali-
quando
[tr: Although the two first cases suffice for working, nevertheless the two following arguments are sometimes ]
3us casus est, quando unus
datorum arcuum sit maior
quadrante; et differentia sit
etiam quadrante
[tr: The 3rd case is when one of the given arcs is greater than a quadrant, and the difference is also greater than a quadrant.]
4us casus est, quando unus datorum
arcuum sit maior quadrante;
sed differentia sit quadrante
[tr: The 4th case is when one of the given arcs is greater than a quadrant, but the difference is less.]
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[Note:
This page contains further work on Viète's statement of 'Syntomon' in Chapter XIX, Proposition 21, Variorum responsorum liber VIII


Ad triangula sphærica obliquangula Vietæ
[tr: On Viète's obtuse-angle spherical triangles.]
Sint arcus ad, et, db, sigillatim minores quadrante:
Dico quod:
[...]
hoc est sinuui comple-
menti differentiæ
arcuum
[tr: Let the arcs ad and db each be less than a quadrant.
I say that
[...]
this is the sine of the complement of the difference of the given
]
Ad sinus magisterij demonstrationem, dico
[tr: For demonstrating the doctrine of sines, I say that:]
Quæ demonstrari
[tr: Which was to be demonstrated.]
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[Note:
This page contains further work on Viète's statement of 'Syntomon' in Chapter XIX, Proposition 21, Variorum responsorum liber VIII


Aliter.
In diagrammatis (In utriusque casibus, 1o et 2o)
ad, secat, eb, in puncto x.
fiat xz parallela bn.
xz secabit dg in puncto y
[tr: Another way,
In the diagram for syntomon, (in either case 1 or 2) ad cuts eb at the point x. Make xz parallel to bn, and xz will cut dg at the point y
]
1m Dico quod:
[...]
hoc est sinuui
complementi dræ
arcuum
[tr: 1st, I say that this is the sine of the complement of the difference of the given arcs.]
Quod fiat
[tr: Which was to be demonstrated. ]
Sequitur etiam per 1m: quod:
in utroque

[tr: There follows from the first, because in either case:]
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[Note:
This page contains further work on spherical


In utriusque casibus, 3o et 4oton syntomon
1
m) Dico
[tr: In either the 3rd or 4th case of Syntomon
1) I say
]
2m) Dico quod in 3m
[tr: 2) I say that in the 3rd case:]
3m) Dico quod in 4m
[tr: 3) I say that in the 4th case:]
Sequitur etiam per 1m: quod:
in utroque casu, 3o et 4o
[tr: There follows also from the first, because in either the 3rd or 4th case:]
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[Note:
This page contains further work on spherical triangles.
There are references to both Regiomontanus and Clavius, who both gave a version of the theorem given here.
The reference to Regiomontanus is to his De triangulis omnimodis libri quinque (1533), Book V, Proposition II. (For another reference to the same proposition, see also Add MS 6782, f. 490.)

V.II In omni triangulo sphaerali ex arcubus circulorum magnorum constante, proportio sinus uersi anguli cuislibet ad differentiam duorum sinuum uersorum, quorum unus est lateris eum angulum subtendentis: alius uerò differentiae duorum arcuum ipsi angulo circumiacentium est tanquam proportio quadrati sinus recti totius ad id, quod sub sinibus arcuum dicto angulo circumpositorum continetur rectangulum
In all spherical triangles composed from great arcs of circles, the ratio of the versed sine of any angle to the difference of two versed sines, one of which is the side subtending the angle, the other the difference of the two arcs adjacent to the angle, is the proportion of the the square of the whole sine to the product of the sines of the surrounding arcs by which the said angle is
The reference to Clavius is to his Triangula sphærica Triangula rectilinea, atque sphaerica (1586). Proposition 58, on page 445.
Theorema 56, Propositio 58.
In omni triangulo sphærico, cuius duo arcus sint inæquales; quadratum sinus totius ad rectangulum sub sinubus rectis duorum arcuum inæqulium contentum, eandem proportionem habet, quam sinus versus anguli a dictis arcubus comprehensi ad differentiam duorum sinuum versorum, quorum vnus differentiæ eorundem arcuum debetur, alter vero tertio arcui, qui prædicto angulo oppostitus est,

In all spherical triangles, whose two arcs are unequal, the square of the whole sine to the product of the sines of the two unequal arcs is in the same ratio as the versed sine of the angle between the said arcs to the difference of two versed sines, one of which is of the difference of the arcs, the other corresponding to the third arc, which is opposite the aforesaid
Harrot translates Clavius's statement into symbols for the particular triangle dab shown in his diagram. He then goes on to prove that the versed sine of ad-db is greater than the versed sine of ab.
For another version of this page, see Add MS 6787, f.


(5.
Analogia per sinus versos, et universalis ad triangula
sphærica cuiuscunque
[tr: Ratio by versed sines, and generally for a spherical trianlge under any conditions.]
Demonstratur a Regiomontano
lib. 5o. pr. 2, de triang.
A clavio pr. 58. de sphæricis
Ab alijs Trigonistis.
Et a nobis alibi in
[tr: Demonstrated by Regiomontanus in De triangulis, Book 5, Proposition 2.
by Clavius in Proposition 58 of De sphæricis triangulis
By other triangulists.
And by me elsewhere in
]
[Note: The page 'elsewhere' referred to here is probably Add MS 6787, f. 27. ]
Dico quod:
[...]
(catolicos
[tr: I say that
[...]
]
Consectarium
ponatur quod:
In triangulo adb, datis duobus lateribus ad, db; cum angulo d
queratur ab.
per superiorem analogiam, sit data quarta proportionalis, y.

[...]

datur igitur, ab
[tr: Consequence
It is supposed that, in triangle adb, from given two sides ad and db with the angle d, there is sought ab.
by the above ratio, let the given fourth proportional be y

therefore ab is
]
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Further work on spherical


(6.
Investigatio analogiæ

[tr: Investigation of Viète's ratios.]
Hoc est
[tr: This is the rule.]
Ut Vieta
pag.
[tr: As Viète page 47v.]
Ut Vieta
pag.
[tr: As Viete, page 35v.]
Conditiones
alterius trianguli
contrariæ, sub eadem

[tr: Conditions for another triangle, conversely, by the same ratio.]
Nota. Etsi signum (<) ponatur sub
[...]
, intelligitur quod, ab<90.
Ita signum (>) sub (
[...]
) denotat d>90.
Istud signum (
[...]
), denotat unum latus maius altera minus 90 &c.
Et in alijs locis, (
[...]
), utrinque minus, utrinque maius
[tr: Note. If this sign (<) is put below
[...]
, it is to be understood that ab<90.
This sign (>) below (
[...]
) denotes d<90.
This sign (
[...]
) denotes one side is greater than the other minus 90.
An in other places, () eother less than or greater than
]
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Further work on spherical


Investigatio trium analogiarum
sive casuum.
ex positis
[tr: Investigation of three ratios or cases, supposing the following.]
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[Note:
The reference on this page is to Proposition 21 from Chapter 19 of Variorum responsorum liber VIII
XXI.
Trianguli cujuslibet sphærici.
Datis duobus lateribus, & angulo cui unum ex illis lateribus opponitur, datur angulus cui alterum datorum laterum opponitur.
Vel,
Datis duobs angulis, & latere quod alteri datorum angulorum opponitur, datur latus reliquo oppositum.

Given two sides and the angle opposite one of those sides, the angle opposite the other is known.
Or,
Given two angles, and the side opposite one of the given angles, the side opposite the other is

Immediately after the statement of the proposition, Viète gave the following statement, under the heading Syntomon.
Quæ per factionem sub sinibus peripheriarum & adplicationem ad sinum totum exurgunt, eadem opere additionis vel subductionis præsto sunt.
Cum duæ peripheriæ angulum acutum componunt, est
Vt sinus totus ad sinum duplum primæ, ita sinus secundæ ad sinum complementi differentia, minus sinu complementi composita.

What appears from a combination of the sine of the arcs, dividing the sine of the total, is also shown by the operations of addition and subtraction.
When two arcs contain acute angles, then as the whole sine is to twice the sine of the first, so is the sine of the second to the sum of the sine of the complement of the difference minus the sine of the complement of the

In modern notation this statement may be written as: 1:2sina=sinb:cosa-b+cosa+b. This is the ratio Harriot has written nex to diagram 1, where both angles are acute. The other diagrams are for cases where one or both the angles are


Vieta lib. 8. resp. pag. 39.
Syntomon
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII.
]
[???] in alia charta
[tr: [???] in another ]
Quæ per factionem sub sinibus peripherieriarum et adplicationem ad sinum totum exurgunt, eadem opere additionis vel subductionis præsto sunt.
[tr: What appears from a combination of the sine of the arcs, dividing the sine of the total, is also shown by the operations of addition and ]
ab, una peripheria
bc, altera peripheria
dc, differentia
abc, aggregatum &
[tr: ab is one arc, bc the other.
dc is the difference, abc the
]
Hæc quarta analogia est re eadem
cum secunda.
porro, prima et tertia analogiæ
reducuntur ad unam si quartus
terminus ita
[tr: This fourth ratio is the same thing as the second.
Further, the first and third ratios are reduced to one if the fourth term is written
]
[Note: Here the symbols that looks like an equals sign is to be read as a minus sign, where the smaller quantity is always understood to be subtracted from the larger. ]
Nota
Quando una peripheria est maior quadranti
ut bc est in3,a et 4,a diagrammati; summatur
eius residuum ad semicirculum. Et tum
operatio erit secundum primum vel secundum casum.
Quare hoc modo sunt duo tantummodo

[tr: Note.
When one arc is greater than a quadrant, as bc is in the 3rd and 4th diagrams, there are taken their residuals from a semicircle. And then the operation witll be as the first or second case.
Therefore by this method there are only two
]
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[Note:
This page continues Harriot's work from Add MS 6787, f. 61, on Viète's statement of 'Syntomon'.


2)
[tr: 2) Syntomon]
primus casus. quando cb+ba<90.
Ponatur
[tr: First case, when cb+ba<90.
There is put the
]
sit bc maior arcus
ab minor
sit bd=ab
ideo dc differentia =bc-ab.
sit etiam, bc+ac<90: pro 1o casu.
Dico quod
vel sub hæc
[tr: Let bc be the greater arc, ab the lesser, and let bd=ab.
Therefore dc is the difference bc-ab.
Let also bc+ac<90 for the first case.
I say that:
Or in this general
]
nota
complementum differentiæ
complementum
[tr: Note.
Complement of the difference.
Complement of the
]
Secundus casus est quando bc+ab>90.

[...]

Quod etiam demonstrandum
[tr: The second case is wehn bc+ab>90.

[...]

Which was also to be
]
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Further work on spherical


Investigatio trium aliarum
analogiarum sive casuum.
ex positis
[tr: Investigation of three other ratios or cases, supposing the following.]
per antithesin
vel conversione
signorum:
istæ æquationes
sunt eadem
cum illis in
antecedente

[tr: By antithesis or change of sign, these equations are the same as those in the preceding sheet.]
[Note: The preceding sheet was Add MS 6787, f. 29. ]
Ergo analogiæ sunt etiam eædem ut antea, nisi quod
conditiones sunt
[tr: Therefore the ratios are also the samse as before, unless the conditions are opposite.]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical triangles.
As on Add MS 6787, f. 27, there is reference to Triangula rectilinea, atque sphaerica (1586), this time to Proposition 27.


(9.
Casuum Limitatio cum designatione
[tr: Determination of cases with a useful specification]
Animadvertendum quod in superioribus investigationibus analogiarum
sive casuum, ubi latera ad et db signantur < <; debeat etiam
intelligi signata > >. Quoniam si sint eiusdem affectionis
sive utrique minora quadrantibus, sive maiora; non variatur
inde illatio neque casus.
Hinc in 6 notatis casibus positi trianguli, sunt 9 variationes
signorum ut
[tr: It is to be noted that in the above investigations of ratios, or cases, where the sides ab and db are marked with <, <, respectively, it is also to be understood that they could be marked with >, >, respectively. Because they have the same relationship, whether both less than a quadrant, or greater; therefore the result does not vary, nor the cases.
Here in the 6 denoted cases of the supposed triangle, there are 9
]
Sunt præter illas novem, tres aliæ variationes; et non dantur
plures: sed istæ sunt impossibiles
[tr: Besides those nine, there are three other variations; more are not given, but these are impossible.]
Una et ultima impossibilium probatur per Clavium pro: 27 de Sphæricis.
et a me magis perspicus in notis de conversione triangulorum:
reliquæ duæ conseqununtur per
[tr: One, the final impossibility, is proved by Clavus in Proposition 27 of De sphærica; and by me more clearly in notation in the conversion of triangles; the remaining two follow by ]
Alia designatio analogiarum et casuum,
usui magi
[tr: Another specification of ratios and cases, more convenient in practice.]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


Duo triangula
sub canone 1æ analogiæ
et duobus primis

[tr: Two triangles under the canon of the first ratio and the two first cases.]
(operationum designationes
sunt in Chartis nostris de
triangulis
[tr: (the specifications of the operations are in my sheets on spherical triangles)]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


Analogia per sinus
[tr: Ratio in terms of versed sines.]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


Analogia per sinus
[tr: Ratio in terms of versed sines.]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


Analogia per sinus
[tr: Ratio in terms of versed sines.]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


Analogia per sinus
[tr: Ratio in terms of versed sines.]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


(15.
De 5o, et 6o, ton syntomon
[tr: On the 5th and 6th cases of syntomon.]
5us casus est, quando uterque arcus sit maior quadrante
et aggregatum maius 3bus
[tr: The 5th case is when either arc is greater than a quadrant, and the sum is greater than three quadrants.]
Dico etiam quod: in utroque casu:

[...]

Quod fuit
[tr: I also say that in eithe case

[...]

Which was to be
]
6us casus est, quando uterque arcus sit maior quadrante
et aggregatum minus 3bus
[tr: The 6th case is when either arc is greater than a quadrant, and the sum is less than three quadrants.]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


(16.
ton syntomon ruminatio. 6 casus exhibantur et omnes
varia enunicantur et designantur; ut magis canonicæ
formæ ad usus
[tr: Further thoughts on syntomon.
6 cases are exhibeted and all varations enunicated and specified; so that canonical forms can further be picked out in practice.
]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


(17.
sex casuum ton syntomon
duæ selectæ
[tr: Six cases of Syntomon;
two chosen
]
Exempla analogiarum, accommodata
[tr: Examples of ratios, accommodated to cases.]
sex sunt diversæ analogiæ sub speciebus arcuum
cum tamen duæ solummodo sub numerus sinuum.
Unde manifestum quod 1us et 2us ton syntomon possunt
satis ad operationes. reliquæ tamen ad argumentationes sunt

[tr: There are six different ratios for types of arc, but with only two for sines in numbers.
From which is is clear that the 1st and 2nd cases may be enough for working; nevertheless, the others are useful for arguments.
]
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[Note:
Further work on spherical


(18.
Exempla operandi per syntomon,
secundum duas formas
[tr: Examples of working with Syntomon according to two chosen forms.]
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[Note:
This page contains references to both Regiomontanus and Clavius, who both gave a version of this theorem.
The reference to Regiomontanus is to his De triangulis omnimodis libri quinque (1533), Book V, Proposition II. (For another reference to the same proposition, see also Add MS 6782, f. 490.)

V.II In omni triangulo sphaerali ex arcubus circulorum magnorum constante, proportio sinus uersi anguli cuislibet ad differentiam duorum sinuum uersorum, quorum unus est lateris eum angulum subtendentis: alius uerò differentiae duorum arcuum ipsi angulo circumiacentium est tanquam proportio quadrati sinus recti totius ad id, quod sub sinibus arcuum dicto angulo circumpositorum continetur rectangulum
In all spherical triangles composed from great arcs of circles, the ratio of the versed sine of any angle to the difference of two versed sines, one of which is the side subtending the angle, the other the difference of the two arcs adjacent to the angle, is the proportion of the the square of the whole sine to the product of the sines of the surrounding arcs by which the said angle is
The reference to Clavius is to his Triangula sphærica Triangula rectilinea, atque sphaerica (1586). Proposition 58, on page 445.
Theorema 56, Propositio 58.
In omni triangulo sphærico, cuius duo arcus sint inæquales; quadratum sinus totius ad rectangulum sub sinubus rectis duorum arcuum inæqulium contentum, eandem proportionem habet, quam sinus versus anguli a dictis arcubus comprehensi ad differentiam duorum sinuum versorum, quorum vnus differentiæ eorundem arcuum debetur, alter vero tertio arcui, qui prædicto angulo oppostitus est,

In all spherical triangles, whose two arcs are unequal, the square of the whole sine to the product of the sines of the two unequal arcs is in the same ratio as the versed sine of the angle between the said arcs to the difference of two versed sines, one of which is of the difference of the arcs, the other corresponding to the third arc, which is opposite the aforesaid
Harrot translates Clavius's statement into symbols for the particular triangle dab shown in his diagram. He then goes on to prove that the versed sine of ad-db is greater than the versed sine of ab.
For another version of this page, see Add MS 6787, f.


Analogia per sinus versos, et universalis ad triangula
sphærica cuiuscunque affectionis
[tr: Ratio by versed sines, and generally for a spherical trianlge under any conditions.]
Demonstratur a Regiomontano
lib. 5to. pr. 2, de triang.
a clavio pr. 58. de sphær. Tri.
et ab alijs
[tr: Demonstrated by Regiomontanus in De triangulis, Book 5, Proposition 2.
by Clavius in Proposition 58 of De sphæricis triangulis
and by other
]
Dico quod:
[...]

[tr: I say that
[...]
]

[tr: Consequence]

ponatur quod:
In triangulo adb, Datis duobus lateribus ad, db; cum ang: d
queratur ab.
per superiorem analogiam, sit quarta proportionalis, y.

[...]

datur igitur, ab
[tr: It is supposed that, in triangle adb, from given two sides ad and db with the angle d, there is sought ab.
by the above ratio, let the given fourth proportional be y

therefore ab is
]
omittuntur sequentia
[tr: The following are omitted.]
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[Note:
Another version of the information in Add MS 6787, f.


5) Ad calculum sinuum trium differentiarum
[tr: For the calculation of three successive differences of sines.]
Universalis aequatio. examinata
per rationales progressiones, charta 6a
et per
[tr: General equation, examined by rational progressions, sheet 6a, and by sines.]
Ista aequatione fit ex reductione

[tr: This equation arises by reduction of the above.]
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[Note:
The columns show the first, second and third differences of an interpolated table with constant third difference.


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[Note:
Formulae for the entries in a table that has been interpolated to n times its original length; for full details see the 'Magisteria magna', Add MS 6782, f. 107 to f. 146v.
The third difference is constant, ennn.
The second differences begin with p, the first differences begin with p2; these are superscripts, not powers.
The differences alternately increase and decrease, as in a table of sines.
Values are calculated for nth, 2nth, 3nth entries using the result obtained on Add MS 6787. f. 56.


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[Note:
Calculations of formulae for the rows of Pascal's triangle, beginning from n, 2n, 3n, 4n.
In each case the numerators are denoted v1, v2, v3, v4; these are superscripts, not powers.
For calculations of v5 see Add MS 6787, f.


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[Note:
On the left is a table of 'pretend' sines with constant third difference 81.
The final row of the tables is 7240, 600, 405, 81.
The task is to interpolate the table with two new entries between each existing entry, using the formulae calculated in the previous sheets.
n=3 by hypothesis.
Thus the constant difference in the interpolated table will be 8127=3.
Further calculations give p=45 and p2 for the first new entries after the row beginning 6640.



[tr: given]
n=3 per hypothesi numero dividendum

[tr: n=3 by hypothesis, the number of parts to be ]
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[Note:
At the top of the page is a table of sines for every 45 minutes, with fourth differences. The sine of 48.45' is highlighted.
In the centre is a table of sines for every 15 minutes, with third differences. The sine of 48.45' is in the final row.
At the bottom is a table of sines for every 15 minutes, calculated from the row for 48.45 on the assumption that the fourth difference is constant at 56 for the upper half of the table, 55 for the lower


Ad calculum sinuum, per
[tr: For the calculation of sines, by progressisons]

[tr: given]
E canone
[tr: From the table of sines]
Per
[tr: By calculation]
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[Note:
Selections of sines from the beginning, end, and middle of the table, each showing a pattern of alternately decreasing and increasing columns of differences.


Dræ
[tr: Differences]
In principio tablum
[tr: From the beginning of the table of sines]
In
[tr: From the end]
In
[tr: From the middle]
In principio
[tr: From the beginning again]
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[Note:
The columns show the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth differences of an interpolated table with constant fifth difference.


6) Ad calculum sinuum 5 differentiarum
[tr: For the calculation of 5 successive differences of sines]
Superioris 5, aequationes probatæ sunt
per rationales
[tr: The above five equations may be proved from known progressions.]
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[Note:
Third differences of the entries from Add MS 6787, f.


3) Tertariæ
[tr: Of third differences]
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[Note:
Second differences of the entries from Add MS 6787, f.


3) Secundariæ
[tr: Of second differences]
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[Note:
First differences of the entries from Add MS 6787, f.


3) Primariæ
[tr: Of first differences]
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[Note:
The entries from Add MS 6787, f. 71, now written over the common denominator


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[Note:
Formulae for the first differences in a table that has been interpolated to n times its original length; for full details see the 'Magisteria magna', Add MS 6782, f. 107 to f. 146v.
The fourth differences begin with p, the third differences begin with p2, the second differences begin with p3, the first differences begin with p4; these are superscripts, not powers.
The difference columns increase and decrease alternately, as in a table of


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[Note:
A difference table with constant fifth difference 1, and with alternating increasing and decreasing columns as for sines. Negative entries appear in every column except the


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Mr Vincent I received your last letter being wihout water by Mr
Fowler the 28th of March last. Other letter I received about 6 weekes
past of Mr Cook. I received other some whether once or twice I can
not tell about two years since as I gesse or I thinke some what later.
The first letters by reason of some way into the country I lost
the means that brought them convey my
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[Note:
S. W. R. was presumably Sir Walter


S.W.R.
L. Guy.
L. Cobsam.
M. G. Brooke.
S. Ar. Gorge.
S. Ar. Sanaher.
S. Griffin
222112
At Rouhampton: : at Chalkhill
house
half of
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Martins booke
Whitewell of the [???]
[???] of the vine
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Archimedes. de cylindro
pa.
[tr: Archimedes, De cylindro, page ]
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Archimedes. de cylindro
pa.
[tr: Archimedes, De cylindro, page ]
pa.
[tr: page 19]
coni igitur
[tr: therefore the cones are equal]
pa. 26. pro.
[tr: page 26, Proposition 4]
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Archimedes. De cylindro. pag.
[tr: Archimedes, De cylindro, page ]
pa.
[tr: page 22]
pa.
[tr: page 23]
pa.
[tr: page 16]
superficies

[tr: surface of a cone]

periferia circuli (a), et basis
coni eadem
[tr: the periphery of the circle (a) and the base of the cone are the same]
pa.
[tr: page 18]
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[Note:
The verses referred to on this page are the
Numbers 35.30: I any one kill a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the evidence of witnesses; but no person shall be put to death on the tetimony of one witness.
Deuteronomy 17.6: On the evidence of two witnesses or of three witnesses he that is to die shall be put to death; a person shall not be put to death on the evidence of one witness.
Deuteronomy 19.5: as when a man goes into the forest with his neighbour to cut wood, and his hand swings the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbour so that he dies–he may flee to one of these cities and save his
Matthew 18.15–17: If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained yoru brother. But if he does not listen, take one or two others along with you, that every word may be confirmed by the evidence of two or three witnesses. If he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector.
John 8.16–18: Yet even if I do judge, my judgement is true, for it is not I alone that judge, but I and he who sent me. In your law it is written that the testimony of two men is true;
2 Corinthians 13.1: This is the third time I am comoing to you. Any charge must be sustained by the evidence of two or three witnesses.
Matthew 7: 12: So whatever you wish that men would do to you, do so to them; for this is the law and the
Luke 6.13: And when it was day, he called his disciples, and chose from them twelve, whom he named
Tobit 4.15: And what you hate, do not do to anyone. Do not drink wine to excess or let drunkenness go with you on your
Matthew 7.2: For with the judgement you pronounce you will be judged, and the measure you give will be the the measure you get.
Proverbs 28.27: He who gives to the poor will not want, but he who hides his eyes will get many a
Ecclesiasticus 27.26: Whoever digs a pit will fall into it, and whoever sets a snare will be caught in
Proverbs 19.5: A false witness will not go unpunished, and he who utters lies will not


Numbers. 35, 30.
Deut. 17, 6.
* Deut. 19, 5.
Math. 18, 15. 16, 17,
John. 8, 16. 17. 18.
2. Cor, 13, 1,
Math. 7, 12.
Luke. 6, 13.
Tobit. 4, 15,
Math. 7, 2.
prob. 28, 27.
Eccus. 27, 26.
prob. 19.
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[Note:
Further work on the 'Eis procheiron scholia, which follows Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). In the 1646 edition of Viete's Opera mathematica this triangle is to be found on page


Vieta. resp. pag. 42, b. A. De Triangulis rectangulis
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 42v. On right-angled spherical triangles.]
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[Note:
At the end of Chapter XIX of Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593) there is a lengthy section entitled 'Eis procheiron scholia. Section IV is on spherical geometry. The 18th and final proposition contains four statements, which Harriot here translated into symbolic
18 Sit triangulum sphaericum ABD, & in peripheria BD cadat segmentum orthogonii AC.
Primo dico esse transsinuosa anguli BAC ad transsinuosa anguli DAC, sicut prosinum peripheria AB ad prosinum peripheri AD.
Secundo dico esse transsinuosam peripheriæ CB ad transsinuosam peripheriæ CD, sicut transsinuosam peripheriae AB ad transsinuosam peripheriæ AD.
Tertio dico esse sinum CD ad sinum CB, sicut prosinum anguli B ad prosinum anguli D.
Denique & quarto dico esse sinum anguli BAC ad sinum anguli DAC, sicut transsinuosam anguli D ad transsinuosam anguli B.

18. Let there be a spherical triangle ABD, and to the arc BD there falls an orthogonal line AC.
First I say that the secant of angle BAC to the secant of angle DAC is as the tangent of the arc AB to the tangent of the arc AD.
Second I say that the secant of the arc CB to the secant of the arc CD is as the secant of the arc AB to the secant of the arc AD.
Third I say that the sine of CD to the sine of DB is as the tangent of angle B to the tangent of angle D.
Fourth and last I say that the sine of angle BAC to the sine of angle DAC is as the secant of angle D to the secant of angle B.


Demonstratio eorum quæ desiderant
in Vieta. lib. 8. respons. pag. 41.b.
sectione
[tr: Demonstration of what is missing in Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 41v, section 18.]
Hinc apparet mendam
esse apud Vietam. nam

[tr: Here is is clear that it is wrong in Viète, for this:]
Istæ quatuor conclusiones
sexeis variari possunt ut
ex analogijs rectangulorm est

[tr: These four conclusions have six variations as is clear from the ratios for products.]
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[Note:
Here Harriot examines a statement that appears as Proposition VI of the 'Dati sexti', Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). See also Add MS 6782, f. 439.
VI.
Data summa vel differentia duarum perpheriarum, quarum sinus datam habeant rationem, dantur singulares peripheriæ.

VI. Given the sum or difference of two arcs, whose sines are in a given ratio, each arc is given
The reference to Pitiscus is Trigonometria: sive de solutione triangulorum tractarus brevis et perpsicuus
The reference to Lansberg is to Triangulorum geometriae libri quatuor
The reference to Regiomontanus to De triangulis omnimodis libri quinque ([1464], 1533, 1561), Book IV, Proposition


Data differentia.)
Sit ac differentia duarum peripheriam.
ratio sinuum quæsitarum peripheriarum ut x et z.

[...]

sinus bg arcus
Datur igitur de. nam dc+ec=de.
Datur etiam do. nam sinus complementi est gc vel dimidij arcus ac.
Cætera ut supra. et habetur bk sinus gb arcus.
Tum: gb-gc=ab. arcus minor
gb+gc=ab. arcus maior quæsitis
Tum etiam ab+bc=ab arcus maior
12.) Data summa vel differentia duarum periferiarum,
quarum sinus datam habeant rationem: dantur singulares

[tr: Given the sum or difference of two arcs, for which the sines are in a given ratio, the individual arcs are given.]
per Tangentes exhibit
Vieta in responsis pag. 37.
Pitiscus pag. 92.
Lansbergis. pag.
[tr: Shown by tangents
by Viète in Responsorum, page 37,
Pitiscus, page 92,
Lansberg, page
]
Quæ modo usui accomodatior est, quam per
sinus solos, quando tangentibus ut
[tr: Which method of use is more convenient than by sines alone, when by tangents, as one pleases.]
Sed quando non licet Tangentibus uti, modus per solos sinus (etsi laboriosior)
adhibendus est. Exhibatur a Regiomontano lib. 4. prop. 31. de triangulis
Modus ille hic apponitur paucis
[tr: But when one does not want to use tangents, the method by sines alone (though more laborious) is shown. It is given by Regiomontanus, Book IV, Proposition 31 of De triangulis. That method set out here is explained a little.]
Data summa.)
Sit ac summa duarum peripheriam.
ratio sinuum quæsitarum peripheriarum ut x ad z.
fiat:
Datur ergo de, nam dc-ec=de. dc est sinus dimidij arcus ac.
Datur etiam do. nam sinus complementi est gc vel dimidij arcus ac.

[...]

sinus bg arcus
Tum: gc+gb=ab arcus maior
gc-gb=bc arcus minor quæsita
Tum etiam: ac-bc=ab. arcus maior
[tr: Given the sum.)
Let ac be the sum of the two arcs, and the ratio of the two sines of the sought arcs as x to z.
construct:
Therefore de is given, for dc-ec=de, and dc is the sine of half the arc ac.
Also do is gien, for the sine of the complement is gc, or half the arc ac.

[...]

the sine of arc bg
Then gc+gb=ab, the greater arc.
gc-gb=bc the lesser arc sought.
Then also ac-bc=ab, the greater arc
]
Data differentia.)
Sit ac differentia duarum peripheriam.
ratio sinuum quæsitarum peripheriarum ut x et z.

[...]

sinus bg arcus
Datur igitur de. nam dc+ec=de.
Datur etiam do. nam sinus complementi est gc vel dimidij arcus ac.
Cætera ut supra. et habetur bk sinus gb arcus.
Tum: gb-gc=ab. arcus minor
gb+gc=ab. arcus maior quæsitis
Tum etiam ab+bc=ab arcus maior
[tr: Given the difference.)
Let ac be the difference of the two sought arcs, and the ratio of the sines of the sought arcs x and z.

[...]

sine of the arc bg
Therefore de is given, for dc+ec=de.
Also do is given, for the sine of the complement is gc, or half the arc ac.
The rest as above. And we have bk the sine of arc gb.
Then gb-gc=ab, the lesser arc.
gb+gc=ab, the greater arc sought.
Then also ab+bc=ab, the greater arc
]
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13.) Data summa vel differentia
duarum peripheriarum,
quarum sinus datam habeant
rationem: dantur singulares

[tr: Given the sum or difference of two arcs, for which the sines are in a given ratio, the individual arcs are given.]
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[Note:
This page refers to Propositions 48 and 49 of Book III of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
III.48 With the same things being so, it must be shown that the straight lines drawn from the point of contact to the points produced by the application make equal angles with the


Sit ellipsis gfk:
cuius axis kg
centroides puncta a, w.
diametroides, recta aw
centrum, b.
circulus circa axim, gedk.
circulus circa diametroides, zwa.
recta contingens ellipsin in
puncto f, fit efd.
perpendicularis a centroide w
ad illam fit we
per 49.3 conicorum keg est angulus
rectus
ergo punctum e in
[tr: Let there be an ellipse gfk with axis kg, centroids at points a and w, diametroid the line aw, centre b. The circle about the axis is gedk; the circle about the diametroid is zwa; the line touching the ellipse at the point f is efd. Perpendicular to it from the centroid w, construct we. By Proposition III.49 of the Conics, keg is a right angle. Therefore, the point e is on the ]
hinc sequitur
Si ew producatur ad periferium in p
et ducatur px parallela ad ed
continget etiam
[tr: If ew is produced to the perpiphery at p, and px is taken paralle to ed, it will also touch the ]
Si puncta x et d in periferia
connectantur
linea dx transibit per alterum
centroides a
[tr: If the points x and d in the periphery are joined, the line dx will pass through the other centroid, a]
Hinc. conclusio
Si circa axim ellipseos describatur circulus
et in circulo inscribatur parallelogrammum
ita ut duo latera transeant per centroides:
reliqua duo contingent ellipsin.
et si duo latera contingent ellipsin; reliqua
duo transibunt per centroides.
Ita etam:
Si circa axim Hyperboles &
[tr: Hence, the conclusion.
If around the axis of an ellipse there is described a circle, and in the circle there is inscribed a parallelogram so that two sides pass thorugh the centroids, the other two are tangents to the ellipse. And if two sides are tangents to the ellipse, the other two will pass throug the centroids.
Thus also: if around the axis of a hyperbola,
]
Alia conclusiones
iisdem positis.
per 48.3. conicorum. af et wf
faciunt æquale angulos ad
contingentem.
Si ax et wh agantur
parallelæ ad contingentes:
puncta z et h sunt in peri-
feria cuius diameter aw
[tr: Other conclusions form the same assumptions.
By Proposition III.48 of the Cinics, af and wf make equal angles to the tangent.
If ax and wh are taken parallel to the tangents, the points z and h are on the circumference whose diamter is aw
]
Conveniat az cum fw in t.
et wh cum fa in v.
Dico quod:
wt=va=af-fw
nam:

[tr: Let az meet with fw at t, and wh with fa at v. I say that:
wt=va=af-fw
for the
]
Dico
[tr: I also say:]
Dico
[tr: I also say:]
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a.) 1.) De anomalijs Kepler. 284.
[tr: Kepler, De anomalijs, pages 284, 290.]
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De anomalijs
Quod demonstrandum
[tr: Which was to be proved]
4o.) ut supra 5o
[tr: 4 and the rest as above, and 5.]
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a.1 De
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a.1) De anomalijs
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a.1. Aliter et
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a.1. De anomalijs
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a.1 De anomalijs Emendatur.
Keplerus.
[tr: De anomalijs. Amended. Kepler, page 299.]
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a.2 De
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a.3.) De
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Kepler. pa.
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299.
[tr: Kepler, page 299.]
372187
299.
Charta.
(a.1) de

[tr: Page 299, Sheet (a.1), De anomalijs]
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[Note:
The text referred to here is Johan Philip Triangulorum geometriae libri quatuor (1591). Lansberg 19s rules for spherical triangles are in Book 4, pages 167–207.


Anapherosis trianguli obliquanguli

[tr: Anapherosis for oblique-angled triangles, from Lansberg]

[tr: conversion]
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[Note:
Further work on the 'Eis procheiron scholia, which follows Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). In the 1646 edition of Viete's Opera mathematica, diagrams related to the one drawn here are to be found on pages 423 and 424.


Anapherosis Trianguli
[tr: Anapherosis in a triangle of Viète]
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[Note:
Further work on the 'Eis procheiron scholia, which follows Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). In the 1646 edition of Viete's Opera mathematica, diagrams related to the one drawn here are to be found on pages 423 and 424.


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[Note:
Further work on the 'Eis procheiron scholia, which follows Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). In the 1646 edition of Viete's Opera mathematica, diagrams related to the one drawn here are to be found on pages 423 and 424.


Conversio triangul
[tr: Conversion of Viète's triangle]
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[Note:
Further work on the 'Eis procheiron scholia, which follows Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). In the 1646 edition of Viete's Opera mathematica, the diagram drawn here is to be found on pages 423 and 424.


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[Note:
Further work on the 'Eis procheiron scholia, which follows Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). In the 1646 edition of Viete's Opera mathematica, diagrams related to the one drawn here are to be found on pages 421 to 426.


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[Note:
The text referred to here is Johan Philip Triangulorum geometriae libri quatuor (1591). Lansberg 19s rule for finding a side of a spherical triangles, given its angles, is the final rule in Book 4, on page


Datis tribus angulis quaesitur latus. Lansbergi trianguli

[tr: Given three angles, a side is sought. Solution from Lansberg, Triangulorum geometriae.]
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[Note:
Further work on the 'Eis procheiron scholia, which follows Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). The table relates to the various diagrams in Add MS 6787, f. 191 to f. 195.


De Anapherosi et conversione
[tr: On Anapherosis and the conversion of triangles]
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[Note:
Further work on the 'Eis procheiron scholia, which follows Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593). In the 1646 edition of Viete's Opera mathematica the triangle referred to here is to be found on page


Datis tribus lateri, quaeruntur
[tr: Given three sides, the angles the angles are sought.]
Quæritur A
[tr: A is ]
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Wernerus discipulus Regiomontani
Duiditius
Mr Savill
Mr
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[Note:
The reference on this page is to Variorum responsorum liber VIII, Chapter 13, entitled 'Angulus cornicularis'. There Viète gave 6 arguments about the angle between the tangent and circumference of a circle. Harriot has converted each of them into ratios, written in the lower half of the page in symbolic notation.


Cornus. Vieta habet 6 sequentes
[tr: Horn angle. Viète has the 6 following ratios.]
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[Note:
This page appears to be a continuation of Add MS 6787, f. 208, concerned with Viète's arguments about the horn angle inVariorum responsorum liber VIII, Chapter


De Triangulis Sphæricis Rectangulis

[tr: On right-angles spherical triangles. Horn angle.]
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[Note:
This page appears to be a continuation of Add MS 6787, f. 208 and f. 209, concerned with Viète's arguments about the horn angle inVariorum responsorum liber VIII, Chapter


Ista 6 analogiæ sunt
apud
[tr: These 6 ratios are in Viète.]
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[Note:
At the end of Chapter XIX of Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593), under the heading 'ALIUD', Viète listed sixteen propositions connecting sines, tangents, and secants. In the first edition of the Responsorum, the pages are numbered only on the recto side. However, the pagination goes badly wrong, so that in Chapter XIX we have the sequence: 37, 38, 39, 38. This sometimes makes it difficult to follow Harriot's references correctly. Here it seems that he has seen the number '38' on the right-hand (recto) page, and thus inferred that the left-hand (verso) page must be 37v, whereas it is in face 39v. In the 1646 edition of Viète's Opera mathematica the sixteen propositions are to be found on pages
On this and the following pages, Harriot worked through the sixteen propositions systematically. On this page he lists the first six. Note that for Harriot, as for Viète, trigonometrical relationships arose from astronomy. Thus the concepts of sine, tangent, and secant related not to angles defined by a pair of lines meeting at a point, but to arcs of a circle with a given radius, and therefore only by implication to the angles subtended by
At the top of the page Harriot listed the relevant quantities: sine, tangent, secant, radius (or whole sine), and the symbols he regularly used for them. The equivalent names used by Viète were sinus, prosinus, transinuosa, totus. Harriot had no words for cosine, cotangent, or coseceant. Where we would use 'cosine', for example, he spoke of the sine of the complement. Thus he wrote υ BC for sine(arc BC) but υ BC for the sine of the complement of BC, that is,


vieta in lib. 8. respons.
pag. 37.

[tr: Viète, in Responsorum liber VIII, page 37, proportionals]
sinus
tangens
secans

[tr: sine
tangent
secans
]
1. Sinus peripheriæ, Radius: Radius, Secans complementi.
2. Sinus comp. peripheriæ. Radius. Radius. Secans peripheriæ.
3. Tangens peripheriæ. Radius. Radius. Tangens
[tr: 1. Sine of the arc : Radius = Radius : Secant of the complement.
2. Sine of the compplement of the arc : Radius = Radius : Secant of the arc.
3. Tangent of the arc : Radius = Radius : Tangent of the
]
Ergo: cum proponuntur duæ peripheriæ
4. Sinus peripheriæ primæ. Sinus secundæ. Secans. compl. secundæ. Secans compl. primæ.
5. Sinus compl. primæ. Sinus com. secundæ. Secans 2æ. Secans primæ.
6. Tangens primæ. Tangens 2æ. Tangens comp. 2æ. Tangens compl.
[tr: Therefore, when there are given two arcs:
4. Sine of the first arc : Sine of the second = Secant of the complement of the second : Secant of the complement of the first.
5. Sine of the complement of the first : SIne of the complement of the second = Secant of the second : Secant of the first.
6. Tangent of the first : Tangent of the second = Tangent of the complemnt of the second : Tangent of the complement of the first.
]
Menda in Vieta.

[tr: Wrong in Viète.
Correction.
]
sinus
tangens
secans
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[Note:
On this page, a continuation from Add MS 6787, f. 221, Harriot lists and proves Propositions 7 to 11 from the 'ALIUD' in Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum resposorum liber VIII


Vieta lib. 8. resp.
pag.
[tr: Viète, in Responsorum liber VIII, page 37.]
Lemma, satis evidens ex elementis:
ad demonstrandam 7am prop.

[tr: Lemma, sufficiently evident from the fundamentals; used for the demonstration of the 7th proposition.
]
Ergo pro 7a
[tr: Therefore for the 7th proposition]
2. Alia dispositio terminorum lemmatis
ad demonstrandam 7am
[tr: 2. Another arrangement of the terms in the lemma.]
Ergo pro 8a
[tr: Therefore for the 8th proposition.]
per 5tam
Et alterne
Ergo
Et
[tr: By the 5th
And alternately
Therefore
And
]
Ergo pro 9a: per 7am
[tr: Therefore for the 9th; by the 7th.]
3. Lemmatis
[tr: 3. A variation of the lemmma.]
Ergo pro 10a: per 7am.
per 6a
[tr: Therefore for the 10th; by the 7th.]
4. Lemmatis
[tr: 4. A variation of the lemma.]
Ergo pro 11a: per 7am.
per 5a
[tr: Therefore for the 11th; by the 7th.]
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[Note:
On this page, a continuation from Add MS 6787, f. 221, f. 222, and f. 225, Harriot lists and proves Propositions 13 to 16 from the 'ALIUD' in Chapter XIX of Viète'sVariorum resposorum liber VIII
The reference to Regiomontanus to De triangulis omnimodis libri quinque ([1464], 1533, 1561), Book V, Proposition
The reference to Fink is to Geometriae rotundi libri XIIII (1583), page


Vieta. lib. 8. responsorum.
pag.
[tr: Viète, in Responsorum liber VIII, page 37.]
Et cum proponuntur tres peripheriæ. AB. AC. AD
[tr: And when there are given three arcs AB, AC, AD]
Superiores Analogiæ demonstrantur
per istas quæ
[tr: The above ratios may be demonstrated by these which follow.]
[???] 13 habetur in Reg. lib. 5. 1.
et Finkio pag. 364.
Notavi in alia charta

[tr: [???] 13 is to be had in Regiomontanus. Book V, Proposition 1, and Fink, page 364.
I have noted in another sheet [???].
]
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[Note:
At the end of Chapter XIX of Variorum responsorum liber VIII (1593) there is a lengthy section entitled 'Eis procheiron scholia. Section IV is on spherical geometry. The 18th and final proposition contains four statements, which Harriot here translated into symbolic
18 Sit triangulum sphaericum ABD, & in peripheria BD cadat segmentum orthogonii AC.
Primo dico esse transsinuosa anguli BAC ad transsinuosa anguli DAC, sicut prosinum peripheria AB ad prosinum peripheri AD.
Secundo dico esse transsinuosam peripheriæ CB ad transsinuosam peripheriæ CD, sicut transsinuosam peripheriae AB ad transsinuosam peripheriæ AD.
Tertio dico esse sinum CD ad sinum CB, sicut prosinum anguli B ad prosinum anguli D.
Denique & quarto dico esse sinum anguli BAC ad sinum anguli DAC, sicut transsinuosam anguli D ad transsinuosam anguli B.

18. Let there be a spherical triangle ABD, and to the arc BD there falls an orthogonal line AC.
First I say that the secant of angle BAC to the secant of angle DAC is as the tangent of the arc AB to the tangent of the arc AD.
Second I say that the secant of the arc CB to the secant of the arc CD is as the secant of the arc AB to the secant of the arc AD.
Third I say that the sine of CD to the sine of DB is as the tangent of angle B to the tangent of angle D.
Fourth and last I say that the sine of angle BAC to the sine of angle DAC is as the secant of angle D to the secant of angle B.


Vieta lib. 8. resp.
pag. 41. b.
prop.
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 41v, Proposition 18.]
Hinc apparet mendam
esse apud
[tr: Here is is clear that it is wrong in Viète.]
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[Note:
On this page, a continuation from Add MS 6787, f. 221 and f. 222, Harriot gives a diagram for the proof of Proposition 12 from the 'ALIUD' in Chapter XIX of Viète's Variorum resposorum liber VIII


Vieta. lib. 8. responsorum.
pag. 37b.
Diagramma ad demonstrationem prop.
[tr: Viète, in Responsorum liber VIII, page 37.
Diagram for the demonstration of Proposition
]
Manifesta ex
[tr: Obvious from the diagram.]
Anaologiæ eædem in notis
[tr: The same ratios in general notation.]
Ergo pro 12a
[tr: Therefore for the 12th.]
Hinc notatur Menda in Vieta
et
[tr: Here it is noted that it is wrong in Viète, and amended.]
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[Note:
The first three propositions from the 'ALIUD' in Chapter XIX of Variorum resposorum liber VIII, written in symbolic notation.


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[Note:
This is the first of four pages devoted to Proposition 14 from Chapter XIX of Variorum responsorum liber VIII, a lengthy chapter on plane and spherical triangles.
XIV.
Prothechidion.
Data duorum maximorum in sphæra circulorum inclinatione, quorum unus secatur a tertio per alterius polos, arguitur quanta fit maxima differentia suarum a nodo longitudinum.
Et contra. Ex maxima differentia longitudinum a nodo, arguitur quanta fit circulum

Given the inclination of two great circles on a sphere, one of which is cut by a third through the pole of the other, there is to be found the greatest difference in their longitudes from the node. Conversely, from the greatest difference of longitudes from the node, there may be found the inclination of the In the crossed out sentence halfway down the page there are references to Fink and Clavius.
The reference to Fink is to his Geometriae rotundi libri XIIII (1583).
The reference to Clavius is to his Triangula rectilinea, atque sphaerica


Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 35. prop. 14. proch?on
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 35, Proposition 14,]
Ista propositio est utilis in calcu-
lationibus astronimicis. per eam cog-
noscitur maxima differentia inter
numerationes per Eclipticam et proprios
circulos planetorum, et ubi est &c.
Etiam:
æquationibus

[tr: This proposition is useful in astronomical calculations. By it may be known the maximum difference between observations by the ecliptic and the nearest orbits of planets, and where it is.
Also, the equations of the
]
Sit triangulum rectangulum
ABC, angulus rectus C. Quæritur
Maxima differentia inter AB et
AC. Nam arcus EBC in diversis
positionibus inter A et E, facit diversis
differentias longitudinum AB et
AC
[tr: Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with right angle at C. There is sought the maximum differene between AB and AC. For the arc EBC in various positions between A and E makes various differences of longitude AB and AC]
polo A. et per punctum B describatur
parallelus OBD. Ergo:
DC est differentia inter AB et AC
sit diameter paralleli DO et
sit perpendcularis illi, BM
[tr: Taking the pole A, there is drawn through B parallel OBD.
Therefore DC is the difference between AB and AC. Let the diameter parallel to it be DO and the perpendicuar to it BM
]
Dico quando * DM linea est æqualis sinui DC, hoc est DP. Tum MO erit æqualis
semidiametro sphæræ, scilicet HF. et DC erit differentia quæsita maxima.
Pro demonstratione nota diagramma in Finkio pag. 393. et Clavium

[tr: I say that when the line DM is equal to the sine DC, that is, DP, then MO will be equal to the semidiameter of a spehre, namely HF, and DC will be the sought maximum ]
Hic notabo solummodo proportiones in Vieta.
Sit GI, sinus arcus GF, hoc est anguli A. FI erit sinus versus [???].
BD est arcus similis GF. Sit KL æqualis FI. et NO=DM. ex in
[tr: Here I have noted only the proportions in Viète. Let GI, be the sine of arc GF, that is of angle A. The versed sine will be FI. The arc BD is similar to GF. Let KL be equal to FI and NO=DM. The rest from the diagram.]
*
Dico quando HO habet
ratio ad DP sinum DC:
eandem rationem quam
OM ad MD vel LI ad
IF. Tum DC erit
differentia maxima.
Vel melius ita:
Quando HO sit
parallela DP. hoc
est quando CHO est
rectus angulus.
Demonstratio
Habetur in alia
charta
[tr: I say that when HO has the same ratio to DP, the sine of DC as OM to MD or LI to IF, then DC will be the maximum difference.
Or better thus: when HO is a right angle.
The demonstration is to be found in another sheet,
]
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[Note:
Further work on Proposition 14 from Chapter XIX of Variorum responsorum liber VIII, continued from Add MS 6787, f. 227.


Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 35. prop. 14. proch?on
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 35, Proposition 14,]
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[Note:
Further work on Proposition 14 from Chapter XIX of Variorum responsorum liber VIII, continued from Add MS 6787, f. 227 and f. 228.


Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 35. prop. 14. proch?on
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 35, Proposition 14,]
Habita maxima differentia DC et eius sinu DP: sinus arcus AB,
hoc est linea DQ ita invenietur.

Ergo nota DM

[...]

DQ
[tr: Having the maximum difference DC and its sine DP, then the sine of the arc AB, that is, the line DQ is found thus.

[...]

Therefore note DM

[...]

DQ, the line
]
vel ita Brevius
In triangulo ABC, cum etiam datur angulus A,
per doctrinam triangulorum dabitur AB et AC
[tr: In the triangle ABC, since the angle A is also given, by the teaching on triangles there will be given AB and AC]
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[Note:
Further work on Proposition 14 from Chapter XIX of Variorum responsorum liber VIII, continued from Add MS 6787, f. 227, f. 228, and f. 229.


Vieta. lib. 8. resp. pag. 35. prop. 14. proch?on
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 35, Proposition 14,]
Synopsis Demonstrationis illius
[tr: Sysnopsis of the demonstration of this proportion.]
sunt in eadem
[tr: are in the same ratio]
sit OHM, angulus rectus
Maior est ratio Hα vel HO ad TV. nam αβ ad TV est in eadem ratione
et αH maior est quam αβ.
Maior est etiam ratio Hδ ad XY. nam δɛ ad XY est eadem, et Hδ est maior quam δ\varespsilon.
Hæc ita se habent, quia angulus αHV est obtusus maior scilicet recto OHM. et alter δHX est
minor eadem ratio.
Ergo TV est minor quam DP.
Ac etiam YX est minor quam DP
[tr: Let OHM be a right angle
The ratio Hα or HO to TV is greater, for αβ to TV is in the same ratio and αH is greater than αβ.
The ratio Hδ to XY is greater, for δɛ to XY is the same, and Hδ is greater than δ\varespsilon.
These are had thus, because angle αHV is obtuse, clearly greater than the right angle OHM, and the other, δHX, is less than the same ratio.
Therefore TV is less than DP.
And also YX is less than DP
]
Hæc facile applicantur
ad diagramma

[tr: These are easily applied to the preceding diagram.]
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[Note:
This page gives numerical examples for Propositions III and VI from the 'Sexti dati' in Chapter 19 of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII
III.
Data summa vel differentia duarum peripheriarum, quarum transsinuosae datam habeant rationem, dantur

III.Given the sum or difference of two arcs, whose secants are in a given ratio, the arcs are given
VII.
Data summa vel differentia duarum peripheriarum, quarum prosinus datam habeant rationem, dantur singulares

VII.Given the sum or difference of two arcs, whose tangents are in a given ratio, the arcs are given


Vieta. lib. 8. resp.
pag. 38.
parapompe. 3. Data summa vel differentia.
pag. 37.b.
parapompe. data septimi

[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 38v. On sines.]
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[Note:
This page gives numerical examples for Propositions I and II from the 'Sexti dati' in Chapter 19 of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII
I.
Data peripheria composita e duabus peripheriis, quarum transsinuosae datam habeant rationem, dantur

I.Given an arc composed of two others, whose secants are in a given ratio, each is known
II.
Data differentia duarum perpheriarum, quarum transsinuosæ datam habeant rationem, dantur

II.Given the difference of two arcs, whose secants are in a given ratio, each is given


Vieta. lib. 8. resp.
pag. 38.
Data peripheria
compositam
Data peripheria differentia
duarum
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 38.
Given the sum of the arcs
Given the difference of two
]
Menda in
[tr: Wrong in Viète]
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[Note:
This page gives numerical examples for Proposition VI from the 'Sexti dati' in Chapter 19 of Viète's Variorum responsorum liber VIII VI.
Data summa vel differentia duarum perpheriarum, quarum sinus datam habeant rationem, dantur singulares peripheriæ.

VI.Given the sum or difference of two arcs, whose sines are in a given ratio, each arc is given


Vieta. resp. lib. 8. pag. 37. b. De
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, page 38v. On sines.]
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[Note:
One of several pages containing a mnemonic for the digits of π, by making 1=a, 2 = b , 3 = c ,andsoon.InthiscaseHarriotgoesontomakewordsandphrasesthatincludethelettersconsecutively.


31415926535897 ...
ecehigcadaeibf
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[Note:
For the historical and mathematical context of Add MS 6787, f. 245 to f. 248 see Beery and Stedall, 2009.


Of unæquall progression
of sines. For
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[Note:
Propositions on triangular numbers; this sheet was probably placed here deliberately because of the importance of triangular numbers in Harriot's method of interpolation (se Beery and Stedall,
The refrence to Viète is to his Variotum responsorum liber VII, Chapter IX, Proposition 14.
Propositio XIV.
Si fuerint lineae quotcunque æqualiter sese excedentes, fit autem prima excessui æqualis: octuplum ejus quod fit sub minima & composita ex omibus, adjunctum minimae quadrato, æquatur quadrato compositæ ex minima & extrema

If there are any number of lines exceeding each other, and moreover the first differences are equal, then eight times the product of the least and the sum of all, added to the square of the least, is equal to the square of the sum of the least and twice the
The reference to Stevin is to his L'arithmétique ... aussi l'algebre (1585). Pages 558–642 contain Stevin's treatment of the 'Quatriesme livre d'algebre de Diophante d'Alexandrie'. On page 634, Stevin has the following
Nombre triangulaire multiplié par 8, & plus 1 faict quarré a sa racine
A triangular number multiplied by 8, plus 1, makes a square commensurable with its
The reference to Maurolico is to his Arithmeticorum libri duo (1575), Propostion 54 (page 24).
Omnis triangulus octuplatus cum unitate, conficit sequentis imparis
Eight times any triangular number, plus one, makes the square of the next odd
As an example, Maurolico gave 8×15+1=121; note that 15 is the fifth triangular number, 11 is the sixth odd number.
There is also a reference lower down to Maurolico's Proposition 11 (page
Omnis numerus triangulo deinceps: aequatur quadratis lateris trianguli
Every triangular number joined with the preceding triangular number makes the square of its
Maurolico's example is 15+10=25



[tr: Proposition]
plutarchus platonica
quæstione 4a
[tr: Plutarch on Plato, question 4.]

Vieta resp. pa.
[tr: Viete, Liber variorum responsorum, page ]

Maurolicus pr. 54.
[tr: Maurolico, Arithmetica, Proposition ]

Stevin . pag. 634. arith.
in
[tr: Stevin, page 634, Arithmetic, on ]
Trianguli numeri octuplum, plus quadrato unitatis: æqualie est quadrato
facto a duplo latere trianguli plus
[tr: Eight times a trinagular number plus the square of one is equal to the square of double the side of the triangular number, plus ]
Sit latus trianguli n
[tr: Let the side of the triangle be n]

Tum triangulus erit n(n+1)2
[tr: Then the triangular number will be n(n+1)2]

Unde propositio cum demonstratione in notis logisticis ita se
[tr: Whence we have the proposition with its demonstration in arithmetic notation thus:]

[tr: Proposition]
Marol. pr.
[tr: Maurolico, Proposition 11]

Omnis numerus triangulus, plus triangulo deinceps priori: æquatur
quadrato lateris trianguli
[tr: Every triangular number, plus the triangular numebr following, is equal to the square of the side of the greater triangular ]

Sit latus maioris trianguli. n
[tr: Let the side of the greater triangular number be n]

latus minoris triang: n-1
[tr: the side of the smaller triangular number is n-1]

Ergo: maior triangulus. n(n+1)2
[tr: Therefore the greater triangular number is n(n+1)2]

Minor triangulus. (n-1)n2
[tr: the smaller triangular number is (n-1)n2]

Unde propositio cum demonstration in notis logisticis ita se
[tr: Whence we have the proposition with its demonstration in arithmetic notation thus:]
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[tr: Problem]
A progression increasing being given, next first progresionall first differences
are unæquall, & the secondnext after differences æquall: to devide the sayde
progression into a fewer nomber of progresionall

The first case. as of the progresionall differences decreasing,
as it is in the progression of
Example of the progresion given
'Arkes' are arcs of a fixed circle, that is, measures of angle. Each sine (or number) corresponds to, or is 'answerable to', an arc (or angle). (Hence the modern terminology This example I have
so set downe as though the
nombers were answerable
to
That by it you may
se the use of the problem
for
Suppose that it be required to find the nomber answerable to
The number answerable to 30'' is 2280. that which is answerable
to 40'' is 2925. there difference is
And because the other
differences of the same order ranke are unæquall, the rule of pro-
portion will not find the number desired. But it must be
found by a speciall Canon. which followeth
The purpose
of which canon thereof must for to find (because 30''& 40'' do differ
[by] 10''.) to find the 110first tenth parte progresionall, that is to say that
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[Note:
The table of 'pretend' sines from Add MS 6787, f. 247, now interpolated to give sines for every minute from 30minutes to 50 minutes.


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Serjeant Harris.
Mr Martin.
Mr Waldon.
Mr More.
Mr Karbile
Mr Walters.
Mr
April 26. ho. 7.
first subpena
George Sanderson's
Mr Nicholas Lower
at a dues mans home [???]
within the meremayde
in
Bish. of Elyes booke.
Wright.
Thesaro politico. 2.
Onuphrius in
[???]
Mappes
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[Note:
A continuation of the calculations on Add MS 6787, f. 56, now extended to v5.
On this page Harriot also changes n+1 to n+b


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Cloth for a [???]
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Velvet
[???] for doublet and hose
& taffeta
4
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[Note:
The reference on this page is to Adrianus Romanus responsum


Ad Auctorium Vietæ in responso ad
[tr: On teh authority of Viète in his response to Romanus]
occasio doctrinæ
in his
[tr: the occasion for the teaching in these sheets]
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[Note:
Here Harriot creates further Pythagorean triples, not necessarily all integers.
In the first few lines, for example, he multiplies 21 by 54, 34, and 44 to obtain (1054, 634, 844) (2614, 1534, 21


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608305
[Note:
This is the cover sheet of eight pages copied from Book 3, Propositions 1 and 2, of the Sphaerica Menelai of Menelaus of Alexandria, as translated by Francesco Maurolico (1588).
The text includes a supplement by Thabit ibn Qurra


Propositiones quædam
ex Menelauo
et

[tr: Certain propositions from Menelaus and Thebit]
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610306
[Note:
Text from pages 36v–37v of Sphaerica Menelai


Ex libro 3. Spæricorum Menelai
secundum traditionem Maurolyci

[tr: From Book 3 of Sphærica Menelai, as translated by Maurolicus]
611306v
[Note:
Text from pages 37v–38 of Sphaerica Menelai.
The supplement by Thabit ibn Qurra begins here and continues to f.



[...]

Suppementum
[tr: Supplement by Thebit]


[...]
612307
[Note:
Text from pages 38 from Sphaerica Menelai.
For further work by Harriot on the 18 cases of Lemma 4, see Ad MS 6786, f.


613307v
[Note:
Text from page 38v of Sphaerica Menelai


614308
[Note:
Text from pages 38v–39 of Sphaerica Menelai


615308v
[Note:
Text from pages 39 of Sphaerica Menelai


616309
[Note:
Text from pages 39–39v of Sphaerica Menelai


617309v
[Note:
Text from pages 39v–40 of Sphaerica Menelai.
Thabit ibn Qurra is mentioned in the final paragraph; see also Add MS 6787, f.


Liber impressus fuit
Messanæ in freto Siculo

[tr: The book was printed in Messina, in the Straits of Sicily, 1558.]
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[Note:
One of several pages containing a mnemonic for the digits of π, by making 1=a, 2 = b , 3 = c ,andsoon.


cadaeibf
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[Note:
One of several pages containing a mnemonic for the digits of π, by making 1=a, 2 = b , 3 = c ,andsoon.


Inquisitio indentata hasta apud Stratford
Bis non spondebis
quod præsto solvere
In
Bis duo
Arbor ut ex fractu
sit nequam noscitur
cadaeibf
636319
abcde
21
ab,ac,zx

ab,zx:abe,acd
12
ac,ab,zx
ac,zx:acd,abe
21
2-2,2,1
2000-1414=586
1414/586=225
637319v
13
Temp. Spac.
300×5=1500
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1010889286051700400000000=1005429901112.8027
1005429901112802700000000=1002711275050.2024
1002711275050202400000000=1001354719892.1081
1001354719892108100000000=1000677130693.0663
1000677130693066300000000=1000338508052.6822
1000338508052682200000000=1000169239705.3021
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585787900000/1414213=41421
1414213562000=1189207.1
1Dc
2-1et
×2
8-2

42-1gy
×4
4512-4

82-1rH
×8
833554432-8

414×414=171396
64×8=512
4×4=16
16×16=256
256×2=512
8×8=64
64×64=4096
4096×4096=16777216
16777216+16777216=33554432
512×512=262144
262144×512=134217728
1189207100000=1090507.7
905077×8=7240616
8-2
(2-1)×2
(42-1)×4
(82-1)×8
2-1
8-2
8-2
4512-4
833554432-8
Quæritur Summa
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15,22,16
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[Note:
Calulations based on on the series 3, 5, 7, 9, ..., with constant difference 2.
b and c denote sums of terms taken two, three, four, or five at a


4. Differentiæ
[tr: Differences of differences]
676339
[Note:
Calculations based on a general series with constant second difference a.
The second and first rows begin with e and o respectively.
The series 5, 8, 13, 20, ... is used as an example, thus o=5, e=3, a=2. (A second version takes o=5, e=1, a=2b, c, d denote successive sums of terms, taken two at a


5. Differentiæ differentiarum
[tr: Differences of differences of differences]

[tr: differences]

[tr: Another way]
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[Note:
Further calculations on the series 5, 8, 13, 20, ... from Add MS 6787, f. 339.
b, c, d denote successive sums of terms, taken two at a time.
Fingers in the margin point to formulae for a and e in terms of b, c, d


680341
[Note:
Further calculations on the series 5, 8, 13, 20, ... from Add MS 6787, f. 339.
b, c, d denote successive sums of terms, taken two at a time.
A finger in the margin points to a formula for o in terms of b, c, d


681341v
[Note:
Further calculations on the series 5, 8, 13, 20, ... from Add MS 6787, f. 339.
b, c, d denote successive sums of terms, taken two at a time.
Fingers in the margin point to formulae for a, e, and o in terms of b, c, d


682342
[Note:
Calculations similar to those in Add MS 6787, f. 339.
Here the series 7, 9, 14, 32, ... is used as an example, thus o=7, e=2, a=3.
The second example is 5, 8, 13, ..., as on Add MS 6787, f. 339.
b, c, d denote successive sums of terms, taken three at a


6. Differentiæ differentiarum
[tr: Differences of differences of differences]
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[Note:
Calculations similar to those on Add MS 6787, f. 341v, now for the series 7, 9, 14, ...from Add MS 6787, f. 342.
b, c, d denote successive sums of terms, taken three at a time.
Fingers in the margin point to formulae for a, e, and o in terms of b, c, d


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[Note:
Further calculations for the series 5, 8, 13, ... from Add MS 6787, f. 339.
b, c, d denote successive sums of terms, taken four at a time.
Fingers in the margin point to formulae for a, e, and o in terms of b, c, d


7.) Differentiæ differentiarum
[tr: Differences of differences of differences]
688345
[Note:
Further calculations for the series 5, 8, 13, ... from Add MS 6787, f. 339.
b, c, d denote successive sums of terms, taken five at a time.
Fingers in the margin point to formulae for a, e, and o in terms of b, c, d


8.) Differentiæ differentiarum
[tr: Differences of differences of differences]
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[Note:
Calculations on a general series with constant third difference a.
The third, second, and first rows begin with e, e, y respectively.
The series 10, 15, 23, ... is used as an example, thus y=10, o=5, e=3, a=2.
b, c, d, f denote successive sums of terms, taken two at a time.


9) Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum
[tr: Differences of differences of differences of differences]
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[Note:
Further calculations for the series 10, 15, 23, ... from Add MS 6787, f. 346.
b, c, d, f denote successive sums of terms, taken two at a time.
The page shows formulae for a, e, and o in terms of b, c, d


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[Note:
Further calculations for the series 10, 15, 23, ... from Add MS 6787, f. 346.
b, c, d, f denote successive sums of terms, taken three at a time.
The page shows formulae for a, e, o, and y


10) Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum
[tr: Differences of differences of differences of differences]
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[Note:
Further calculations for the series 10, 15, 23, ... from Add MS 6787, f. 346.
b, c, d, f denote successive sums of terms, taken four at a time.
The page shows formulae for a, e, o, and y


11) Differentiæ differentiarum differentiarum
[tr: Differences of differences of differences of differences]
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[Note:
This is the first of a set of 11 pages containing propositions from Book I of Conics of Apollonius. The edition used by Harriot was Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566), but Harriot translated the verbal propositions and proofs into his own symbolic notation.
English translations of the propositions are taken from Dana Densmore Apollonius of Perga: Conics Books I–III, Green Lion Press, 1998.

Proposition 11 of Book I is Apollonius's definition of a
I.11 If a cone is cut by a plane through its axis, and also cut by another plane cutting the base of the cone in a straight line perpendicular to the base of the axial triangle, and if, further, the diameter of the section is parallel to one side of the axial triangle, and if any straight line is drawn from the section of the cone to its diameter such that this straight line is parallel to the common section of the cutting plane and of the cone 19s base, then this straight line to the diameter will equal in square the rectangle contained by the straight line from the section 19s vertex to where the straight line to the diameter cuts it off, and another straight line which has the same ratio to the straight line between the angle of the cone and the vertex of the section as the square on the base of the axial triangle has to the rectangle contained by the remaining two sides of the triangle. And let such a section be called a parabola.


Appol. lib. 1. prop. 11. De
[tr: Apollonius, Book I, Proposition 11. On conics]
Aliter demonstrationem
ordinavimus ut

[tr: Another demonstration, which we have ordered as follows.]
Ratio componitur
[tr: Ratio composed from]

[tr: Sought]
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[Note:
Proposition 20 of Book I of Apollonius, edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor (1566), is the defining property of a parabola in terms of its ordinates to the diameter.
I.20 If in a parabola two straight lines are dropped as ordinates to the diameter, the squares on them will be to each other as the straight lines cut off by them on the diameter beginning from the vertex are to each other.


Appol. lib. 1. prop. 20. De
[tr: Apollonius, Book I, Proposition 20. On conics]
715358v
[Note:
This page refers to Propositions II.1, II.2, and I.21 from Conicorum libri quattuor
II.1 If a straight line touch an hyperbola at its vertex, and from it on both sides of the diamter a straight line is cut off equal in square to the fourth of the figure, then the straight lines drawn from the centre of the section to the ends thus taken on the tangent will not meet the
II.2 With the same things it is to be shown that a straight line cutting the angle contained by the straight lines DC and CE is not another
I.21 If in a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle straight lines are dropped as ordinates to the diameter, the square on them will be to the areas contained by the straight lines cut off by them beginning from the ends of the transverse side of the figure, as the upright side of the figure is to the transverse, and to each other as the areas contained by the straight lines cut off, as we have


prop.
[tr: Proposition 2.]
lib. 2. prop:
[tr: Book 2, Proposition 1.]
per.
[tr: by Proposition 21.]


[tr: absurd]

[tr: absurd]
prop.
[tr: Proposition 2.]
Ergo
[tr: Therefore absurd]
716359
[Note:
The inclusion of a page number confirms that Harriot was using Commandino's edition of Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566). Proposition 30 is a property of the ellipse.
I.30 If in an ellipse or in opposite sections a straight line is drawn in both directions from the centre, meeting the section, it will be bisected at the


Appol. 22.b.
lib. 1. pro.
[tr: Apollonius, page 22v, Book I, Proposition 30.]
In
[tr: In an ellipse]
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[Note:
The inclusion of a page number confirms that Harriot was using Commandino's edition of Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566). Proposition 33 explains how to find the tangent to any point of a parabola.
I.33 If on a parabola some point is taken, and from it an ordinate is dropped to the diameter, and, to the straight line cut off by it on the diameter from the vertex, a straight line in the same straight line from its extremity is made equal, then the straight line joined from the point thus resulting to the point taken will touch the


Appoll. pa: 24.b
lib. 1. pr.
[tr: Apollonius, page 24v, Book I, Proposition 33.]
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[Note:
The inclusion of a page number confirms that Harriot was using Commandino's edition of Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566). Proposition 37 gives a property of a tangent to a hyperbola or ellipse or circle.
I.37 If a straight line touching an hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle meets the diameter, and from the point of contact to the diameter a straight line is dropped as ordinate, then the straight line cut off by the ordinate from the centre of the section with the straight line cut off by the tangent from the centre of the section will contain an area equal to the square on the radius of the section, and with the straight line between the ordinate and the tangent will contain an area having the ratio to the square on the ordinate which the transverse has to the upright.


lib. 1.
Appol. pag. 27.
prop.
[tr: Book I, Apollonius, page 27, Proposition 37.]
Dico
[tr: I say that]
In
[tr: In a hyerbola]
In elipsi &
[tr: In an ellipse and circle]
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[Note:
The inclusion of a page number confirms that Harriot was using Commandino's edition of Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566). Proposition 38 gives a further property of a tangent to a hyperbola or ellipse or circle (see also Add MS 6787, f.
I.38 If a straight line touching a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle meets the second diameter, and if from the point of contact a straight line is dropped to that same [second] diameter parallel to the other diameter, then the straight line cut off from the centre of the section by the dropped straight line, together with the straight line cut off [on the second diameter] by the tangent from the centre of the section will contain an area equal to the square on the half of the second diameter, and, together with the straight line [on the second diameter] between the dropped straight line and the tangent, will contain an area having a ratio to the square on the dropped straight line which the upright side of the figure has to the transverse.


Appol. pag. 28
pro:
[tr: Apollonius, page 28, Proposition 38.]
Iisdem
[tr: Under the same suppositions.]

1. casus:
[tr: Case 1. Hyperbolas]
Sed:
in elipsi
per
[tr: But in an ellipse, by proposition 36]
In
[tr: In an ellipse]
723362v
[Note:
This page refers to Propositions 21, 36, and 37 from Book I of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
I.21. If in a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle straight lines are dropped as ordinates to the diameter, the square on them will be to the areas contained by the straight lines cut off by them beginning from the ends of the transverse side of the figure, as the upright side of the figure is to the transverse, and to each other as the areas contained by the straight lines cut off, as we have said.
I.36. If some straight line, meeting the transverse side of the figure touches an hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle, and if a straight line is dropped from the point of contact as an ordinate to the diameter, then as the straight line cut off by the tangent from the end of the transverse side is to the straight line cut off by the tangent from the other end of that side, so will the straight line cut off by the ordinate from the end of the side be to the straight line cut off by the ordinate from the other end of the side in such a way that the corresponding straight lines are continuous; and another straight line will not fall into the space between the tangent and the section of the
I.37 If a straight line touching an hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle meets the diameter, and from the point of contact to the diameter a straight line is dropped as ordinate, then the straight line cut off by the ordinate from the centre of the section with the straight line cut off by the tangent from the centre of the section will contain an area equal to the square on the radius of the section, and with the straight line between the ordinate and the tangent will contain an area having the ratio to the square on the ordinate which the transverse has to the upright.



[tr: Note]

per
[tr: by proposition 37]

per
[tr: by proposition 21]

per, 36:
[tr: by proposition 36, thus:]

igitur:
[tr: therefore, thus:]
724363
[Note:
For proposition 38, see Add MS 6787, f.


Appol: lib. 1. pag. 28.
prop:
[tr: Apollonius, page 28, Proposition 38.]
Dico
[tr: I say that]
2.
[tr: Case 2.]
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[Note:
The inclusion of a page number confirms that Harriot was using Commandino's edition of Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566). Proposition 39 gives a further property of a tangent to a hyperbola or ellipse or circle (see also Add MS 6787, f. 361 and f.
I.39 If a straight line touching a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle meets the diameter, and if from the point of contact a straight line is dropped as ordinate to the diameter, then whichever of the two straight lines is taken, of which one is the straight line between the [intersection of the] ordinate [with the diameter] and the centre of the section, and the other is between [the intersection of] the ordinate and the tangent [with the diameter], the ordinate will have to it the ratio compounded of the ratio of the other of the two straight lines to the ordinate and of the ratio of the upright side of the figure to the transverse.


lib. 1.
App. pag. 29.
pro:
[tr: Book I, Apollonius, page 29, Proposition 39.]
Nostro modo

[tr: My method, very brief.]
Sed:
in elipsi
per
[tr: But in an ellipse, by proposition 36]
In
[tr: In an ellipse]
727364v
[Note:
This page refers to Propositions I.38 and I.40 from Conicorum libri quattuor
I.38 If a straight line touching a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle meets the second diameter, and if from the point of contact a straight line is dropped to that same [second] diameter parallel to the other diameter, then the straight line cut off from the centre of the section by the dropped straight line, together with the straight line cut off [on the second diameter] by the tangent from the centre of the section will contain an area equal to the square on the half of the second diameter, and, together with the straight line [on the second diameter] between the dropped straight line and the tangent, will contain an area having a ratio to the square on the dropped straight line which the upright side of the figure has to the transverse.
I.40. If a straight line touching a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle meets the second diameter, and if from the point of contact a straight line is dropped to the same diameter parallel to the other diameter, then whichever of the two straight lines is taken [along the second diameter], of which one is the straight line between the dropped straight line and the centre of the section, and the other is between the dropped straight line and the tangent, the dropped straight line will have to it the ratio compounded of the ratio of the transverse side to the upright and of the ratio of the other of the two straight lines to the dropped straight


prop:
[tr: proposition 40]

per
[tr: by proposition 38]
728365
[Note:
The inclusion of a page number confirms that Harriot was using Commandino's edition of Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor
I.41 If in a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle a straight line is dropped as ordinate to the diameter, and if equiangular parallelograms are described both on the ordinate and on the radius, and if the ordinate side has to the remaining side of the figure the ratio compounded of the ratio of the radius to the remaining side of its figure, and the ratio of the upright side of the section 19s figure to the transverse, then the figure on the straight line between the centre and the ordinate, similar to the figure on the radius, is in the case of the hyperbola greater than the figure on the ordinate by the figure on the radius, and, in the case of the ellipse and circumference of a circle, together with the figure on the ordinate is equal to the figure on the


pag: 29. b.
Appol. pro:
[tr: page 29v, Apollonius, Proposition 41.]
Sit cd ordinata
et parallelogramma
dg et af
[tr: Let cd be an ordinate, and parallelograms dg and af ]

composita
[tr: composed from]
Dico quod: in
[tr: I say that, in a hyperbola]

In ellipsi et
[tr: In an ellipse and circle]
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[Note:
The inclusion of a page number confirms that Harriot was using Commandino's edition of Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566).
For proposition 41, see Add MS 6787, f.


pag: 29.
Ap. pro:
[tr: page 29, Apollonius, Proposition 41.]
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[Note:
The inclusion of a page number confirms that Harriot was using Commandino's edition of Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566).
For Proposition 11, the original definition of a parabola, see Add MS 6787, f.

I. 52 Given a straight line in a plane bounded at one point, to find in the plane the section of a cone called parabola, whose diameter is the given straight line, and whose vertex is the end of the straight line, and where whatever straight line is dropped from the section to the diameter at a given angle, will equal in square the rectangle contained by the straight line cut off by it from the vertex of the section and by some other given straight line.


pag. 37.
Appol. pro:
[tr: page 37, Apollonius, Proposition 52.]
ad latus
[tr: for the latus rectum]
per. 11. ergo: xal est sectio
cuius axis ab
et recta cd
[tr: by proposition 11, therefore, xal is the section whose axis is ab with line cd]
sit ab diameter
cd recta
hae angulus appl.
non
[tr: let ab be the diameter, cd the line, hae the angle of application, not a right ]
unde fit sectio ak ex cono recto
ut supra. et transit per
ea est contingens, quia ek=kl
[tr: whence arises the section ak from the right cone as above, and the crossing line ea is a tangent, because ek=kl]
Ergo per 49
cd est latus
rectum. et ab diameter &
[tr: Therefore by pproposition 49, cd is the latus rectum and ab the ]
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[Note:
This page refers to Proposition 21 of Book I of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
I.21 If in a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle straight lines are dropped as ordinates to the diameter, the square on them will be to the areas contained by the straight lines cut off by them beginning from the ends of the transverse side of the figure, as the upright side of the figure is to the transverse, and to each other as the areas contained by the straight lines cut off, as we have


De
[tr: On the ellipse]

Si quotlibet lineis ordinatim applicatis ad diametrum circuli, aliæ numero
et quantitate æquales similiter applicentur ad similes partes lineæ maioris vel
minoris de data diametro circuli: termini illarum linearum sunt in
[tr: If any number of ordinate lines are dropped to the diameter of a circle, that number of other lines, equal in quantity and similarly applied to similar parts of lines greater or less than the given diameter of a circe, then the ends of those lines are on an ellipse.]

Sit diameter circuli dc. lineæ ordinatim applicatæ ab et ef. sit etiam
linea maior quam dc δx cui applicentur ad angulos rectos αβ et εθ æquales
lineis ab et ef Et sint partes lineæ δx videlicet [???] quotlibet
[???] sed ita fiat ud δx ad dc ita δβ ad db et δθ ad df. Quod etiam fit
si utraque lineæ dc et δx similter dividantur et ad utraque æquales similes et
similiter sitas æquales lineæ ordinatim applicentur.
Dico quod puncta α et ε termini linearum αθ et εθ sunt in ellipsi.
Quoniam ex hypothesi

[...]
Ergo: per 21, prop: primi Apollonij, puncta α et ε
sunt in ellipsi. quod demonstrare
[tr: Let the diameter of the circle be dc, and the ordinate lines ab and ef; also let the line greater than dc be δx, to which are applied at right angles αβ and εθ euqal to the lines ab and ef in the circle. But thus, as δx is to dc so is δβ to db and δθ to df. Whcih also happens if the two lines dc et δx are similarly divided and to both parts, similar and similarly situated, equal ordinate lines are applied.
I say that the points α and ε, the ends of the lines αθ and εθ, are on an ellipse.
Because from the hypothesis:

[...]
Therefore, by Proposition 21 of the first Book of Apollonius, the points α et ε are on an ellipse; which was to be demonstrated.
]
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Amen
Alexander King of M.
[tomas haryots]
[Tomas Haryots]
[yn the
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[Note:
The reference to Pappus is to Commandino's edition of Books III to Mathematicae collecitones (1558). The proposition on pages 320v–321 is Proposition 14.
Problema X. Propositio XIV.
Facile autem est inuentis quibuscumque coniugationibus diametrorum ellipsis, axes cuius organice inuenire. quod quidem hac ratione fiet.

Moreover, having found any conjugates of the diamters of the ellipse, it is easy to find the axes mechancially, which indeed are in this ratio.


pappus. 321
Datæ, coniugatæ elypseos
diametri ab, cd.
Quæruntur
[tr: Pappus, page 321.
Given conjugate ellipses with diameters ab, cd, there are sought the
]
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[Note:
The reference on this page is to Giambattista Diversarum speculationum mathematicarum et physicarum liber


Locus in sphaeram concavu et convexa, videtur in catheto.
fallitur Baptista de Ben:
pag: 339
343
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[Note:
Some rough work on Proposition 14 from Chapter XIX of Variorum responsorum liber VIII, continued from Add MS 6787, f. 227 to f. 230.


Viet. lib. 8. res. prop. 14. proch?on
pag.
[tr: Viète, Responsorum liber VIII, Proposition 14, page 35.]
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[Note:
The reference on this page is to Variorum de rebus mathematicis responsorum lilber VIII (1593). Viète investigated the properties of the quadratrix in Chapter VII. Harriot's diagram is the same as


Vieta resp. pag. 12. lin: 9, De
[tr: Viète, Responsorum, page 12, line 9, On the quadratirix]
Sit: BC,AB:AB,AE.

[...]

[tr: Let BC:AB=AB:AE.

[...]
]
Sit AE maior, AD

[...]

Ergo FH=FE
[tr: Let AE be greater than AD.

[...]

Therefore FH=FE,
]
Sit AE minor, AD

[...]

Ergo HE=FE
[tr: Let AE be less than AD.

[...]

Therefore HE=FE,
]
Et inde: BC,AB:AB,BD
[tr: And hence BC:AB=AB:BD, which was ]
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[Note:
This page refers to Proposition 51 of Book III of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
III.51 If a rectangle equal to a fourth part of the figure is applied from both sides to the axis of an hyperbola or opposite sections and exceeding by a square figure, and straight lines are deflected from the resulting points of application to either one of the sections, then the greater of the two straight lines exceeds the less by exactly as much as the


Hyperboles descriptio. per 51. pr. 3: lib.
[tr: A description of a hyperbola, by Propostion 53, Book 3, of Apollonius.]
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[Note:
The reference on this page is to Giambattista Diversarum speculationum mathematicarum et physicarum liber


Bap: de Ben:
pag: 349

[tr: Baptista de Benedictis, page 349, 334]
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[Note:
The references on this page are to Francesco Admirandum illud geometricum problema tredecim modis demonstratum (1586). Page 104 contains a diagram. Harriot's (lower case) letters correspond to the (upper case) letters in Barozzi's


Barocius. pag.
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[Note:
The reference towards the end of this page is to Giambattista Diversarum speculationum mathematicarum et physicarum liber (1585), thought the theorem on page 26 is actually Theorem 41, not Theorem 45.
There is also a reference to Proposition 13 from Effectionum geometricarum canonica recensio (1593), which explains how to find two quantities from their geometric mean and their sum.



[tr: Given]
Data in partibus
[tr: Given in parts of the canon]
Ex Methodo
Adde [???] fad
vel illa æqualium kbo
qui in centro
sed in
[tr: By the method: add fad or its equal kbo which in the centre is
[...]
but in the beginning
[...]
]

[tr: Given]
tum quæritur kn et inde nl. per Theor. 45. pag. 26. Joh. Baptistæ
de
[tr: then there is sought kn and hence nl, by Theorem 45, page 26, Johan Baptista de ]
Vel per
[tr: Or by algebra]

Sit kn 1r. tum nb erit 20,000-1r. hoc multiplicatum per 1r faciet 20,000r-1q.
quod æquale erit rectangulo on et nm, hoc est 78,545,532.
Forma æquationis ita erit 20,000r-1q=78,545,532.
Et duplis erit responsum,
[tr: Let kn=1r. then nb will be 20,000-1r. This multiplied by 1r makes 20,000r-1q.
which is equal to the rectangle of on and nm, that is 78,545,532.
Thus the form of the equation will be 20,000r-1q=78,545,532.
And it will be twice the answer,
]

Habetur kn alias per 13 prop. Geom. Effect.

[tr: kn can be had otherwise by Proposition 13 of Vi´te, Effectionum geometricarum]
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[Note:
This page refers to Proposition 37 of Book III of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
If two straight lines touching a section of a cone or circumference of a circle or opposite sections meet, and a straight line is joined to their points of contact, and from the point of meeting of the tangents some straight lin is drawn across cutting the line (of the section) at two points, then as the whole straight line is to the straight line cut off from outside, so will the segments proeuced by the straight line joining the points be to each


37.3i
[tr: Proposition III.37]
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[Note:
This page refers to Propositions I.21 and I.34 of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
I.21 If in a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle straight lines are dropped as ordinates to the diameter, the square on them will be to the areas contained by the straight lines cut off by them beginning from the ends of the transverse side of the figure, as the upright side of the figure is to the transverse, and to each other as the areas contained by the straight lines cut off, as we have
I.34 If on a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle some point is taken, and from it a straight line is dropped as ordinate to the diameter, and if the straight lines which the ordinate cuts off from the ends of the figure 19s transverse side have to each other a ratio which other segments of the transverse side have to each other, so that the segments from the vertex are corresponding, then the straight line joining the point taken on the transverse side and that taken on the section will touch the section.


Appol. lib: 1. pag. 25
prop: 34. Elementa
[tr: Apollonius, Book 1, page 25, Proposition 34. Elements of tangents.]
Sit: bd , da : be , ea
iugatur: ec
Dico quod ec tangit
si non secet ut ecf
[tr: Let bd : a = be : ea, and let ec be joined; I say that ec is a tangent.
If not, it cuts, as ecf
]
per 21, 1
[...]
ex
[tr: by Propositon I.21
[...]
by
]

[tr: absurd]
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[Note:
This page refers to Proposition 17 of Book III of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
III. 17 If two straight lines touching a section of a cone or circumference of a circle meet, and two points are taken at random on the section, and from them in the section are drawn parallel to the tangents straight lines cutting each other and the line of the section, then as the squares on the tangents are to each other, so will the rectangles contained by the straight lines taken similarly.


1) circa 5 data puncta quæ sunt in ellipsi hklmn
ellipsin
[tr: Around 5 given points which are on an ellipse hklmn, describe the ]
sit
[tr: suppose it described]

1. casus. sint mk, nh, parallelæ.
dividantur mk, et nh bisarium
in punctis b, a. et per a, b.
ducatur recta fe. quæ diameter
est ellipseos
data km, nh
[tr: Case 1. Suppose mk and nh are parallel.
Bisect mk and nh at the points b and a, and through a, b is drawn the line fe, which is the diameter of the ellipse.
km and nh are
]

[tr: Proposition III.17 of the conics.]
datur nc.cg quoniam lcx parallela fc, secat
datam nh in puncto c. c ergo datam et nc. ch.
ergo p datam
[tr: nc.cg is given because lcx is parallel to fc, and cuts the given line nh in the point c. The point c is therefore given, and nc and ch.
Therefore p is geven because ergo p datam quoniam
]
sed et k datur. Igitur kpx postione
et lcx positione. Ergo x, dabitur, quod est in
[tr: but also k is given. Therefore the position of kpx and the position of lcx. Therefore x will be given, which is on the ]
ra.as datum. quia, ar, et as, data.
Igitur ae.ef
[tr: ra.as is fiven, because ar and as are given.
Therefore ae.ef is given.
]
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[Note:
This page refers to Propositions I.21 and I.54 of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
I.21 If in a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle straight lines are dropped as ordinates to the diameter, the square on them will be to the areas contained by the straight lines cut off by them beginning from the ends of the transverse side of the figure, as the upright side of the figure is to the transverse, and to each other as the areas contained by the straight lines cut off, as we have
I.54 Given two bounded straight lines perpendicular to each other, one of them being produced on the side of the right angle, to find on the straight line produced the section of a cone called hyperbola in the same plane with the straight line, so that the straight line produced is a diameter of the section and the point at the angle is the vertex, and where whatever straight line is dropped from the section to the diameter, making an angle equal to a given angle, will equal in square the rectangle applied to the other straight line having as breadth the straight line cut off the dropped straight line beginning with the vertex and projecting beyond by a figure similar and similarly situated to that contained by the original straight lines.


2) Circa 5 data puncta ellispin
[tr: To describe an ellipse around five given points.]
simili ratione eb, bf
[tr: eb and bf are given in similar ]
gb.bz datur. ergo, eb.bf
[tr: gb.bz is given, therefore eb.bf is ]
dantur a, b, puncta; ergo, ef ut deinceps. (alia charta)
quære ef diameter maagnitudine data est, et diameter
ipsi coniugata, cum datur proportio transversis lateris et ad
rectum. eadem enim est
[tr: there are given the points a, b; and thereafter ef (another sheet); whereby the magnitude of the diameter ef is given, and the diameter of the conjugate, since the ratio to the transverse side is given and to the latus rectum. For it is the same as:]
nam

[tr: for by proposition I.21 of the conics]

ergo data coniugata diameter, hoc est 2a diameter nam

[...]

ergo per
54.1.con
ellipsis describatur, vel
[tr: therefore the conjugate diameter is given, that is, the 2nd diameter, for

[...]

therefore by proposition I.54 of the conics, an ellipse is described, or
]
quæritur eb, bf
et ef
[tr: eb, bf are sought, and ef]
[Note: Sheet 5 is Add MS 6787, f. 461. ]
in charta
5
ita
[tr: in sheet 5, it is thus]
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[Note:
The reference to Pappus is to Commandino's edition of Books III to Mathematicae collecitones (1558). The diagram given by Harriot at the top of this folio appears on page 320, as part of Commandino's long commentary to Proposition
Problema IX. Propositio XIII.
Cum autem quæsitum fit circa quinque data puncta HKLMN ellispin describere. Sit iam descripta: & iunctæ MK NH primum sint parallelæ diuidanturque bisariam in punctis & ducta AB ad EF puncta ellipsis producatur. est igitur EF ipsius diameter per diffinitionem conicorum positione data. etenim vnumquodque punctorum AB datum est positione.

Moreover, when it is sought to draw an ellipse about the five given points H, K, L, M, N, suppose it is already done. And first join the lines MK and NH, letting them be parallel, and bisected at the points A and B. And AB is drawn and extended to E and F, points on the ellipse. Therefore, EF is the diameter of that ellipse, by the rules of conics in a given position, and indeed, each of the points A and B is given in position.


4.) Circa 5 data puncta
ellipsin describere.
pappus.
[tr: To draw an ellipse through 5 given points. Pappus, page 320.]
melius in
5
[tr: better in sheet 5]
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[Note:
The reference on this page is to Guidobaldi del Monte (Guido In duos Archimedies aequiponderantium libros paraphrasis (1588), page


Archimedes de quad: centro gravitatis parabolæ Ubaldus. pag: 172.
de centro
[tr: Archimedes, on the centre of gravity of a parabola, Ubaldus page 172]
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[Note:
The references on this page are to Francesco Admirandum illud geometricum problema tredecim modis demonstratum (1586) and to Federico Commandino,Apollonii Pergaei conicorum libri quattuor (1566).
Pages 98 and 52 of the Amirandum both contain diagrams. Harriot's (lower case) letters correspond to the (upper case) letters in Barozzi's diagrams.
The proposition of page 14 of Conicorum libri quattuor is Proposition 11, Apollonius's definition of a parabola. For the full statement of this proposition see Add MS 6787, f. 357.


Barocius. pag.
Barocius
pag.
Appol. pag. 14.
[tr: Apollonius, page 14, parabola]

[tr: very briefly]
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A span is approximately 8 inches, or 20 25. spannes is a pole in
625. square spannes is a pole
1250. spannes is 2 square poles square
There are 4 poles to one chain, so 16 square poles to one square or a square of the
whole [¿]chayne[?]

There are 10 square chains to an or 110 of an
or: a day
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Hilles. a joyner. to cutte the parabola
at Ponden in Essex by Walton abbey
Well.
Nic. Burcot Burked a turner
of town or shire
of Chisleworth
mint miller
In St Annes Lane
within
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[Note:
This page refers to Proposition I.34 of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
I.34 If on a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle some point is taken, and from it a straight line is dropped as ordinate to the diameter, and if the straight lines which the ordinate cuts off from the ends of the figure 19s transverse side have to each other a ratio which other segments of the transverse side have to each other, so that the segments from the vertex are corresponding, then the straight line joining the point taken on the transverse side and that taken on the section will touch the section.


ut in elementa
conico ad tactus
prop. 34. lib. 1.

[tr: as in the elements of tangents to a cone, Proposition 34, Book 1, of Apollonius.]
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[Note:
This page refers to Propositions I.21 and II.1 of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
I.21 If in a hyperbola or ellipse or circumference of a circle straight lines are dropped as ordinates to the diameter, the square on them will be to the areas contained by the straight lines cut off by them beginning from the ends of the transverse side of the figure, as the upright side of the figure is to the transverse, and to each other as the areas contained by the straight lines cut off, as we have
II.1 If a straight line touch an hyperbola at its vertex, and from it on both sides of the diamter a straight line is cut off equal in square to the fourth of the figure, then the straight lines drawn from the centre of the section to the ends thus taken on the tangent will not meet the


B.2. Appol. lib. 1. pr. 21 De
[tr: Apollonius, Book I, Proposition 21. On the hyperbola.]
gx latus

[tr: gx is the latus ]

2gu = diametro 2a
[tr: 2gu is the second ]

[Note: For two nearby sheets labelled B.4 see Add MS 6787, f. 545, f. 546. ]
si au asymptotos. Ut est per B.4
per 1p. 2, lib:
[tr: If au is an asymptote, as it is by B.4., then by Proposition 1, Book 2 of ]
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[Note:
The references on this page are to the verses of Leviticus, Chapter 18.
The rules in the uper left column are taken directly from the verses of Leviticus, and refer to sexual relations prohibited to a man.
In the upper right column, Harriot has given the equivalent relations for a woman.
In the lower columns, Harriot has reversed the generations, so that 'father' is replaced by 'son', 'mother' by 'daughter', and so on.


Leviticus. cap.
A man shall not
marry.
7) verse his mother
8. his fathers wife
or stepmother
9. his sister being: the daughter of his father
or the daughter of his mother.
10. his sonnes daughter.
or his daughters daughter.
11. his fathers wifes daughter,
begotten by the father.
12. his fathers sister.
13. his mothers sister.
14. his fathers brothers wife.
15. his sonnes wife.
16. his brothers wife.
17. his wives daughter.
(his wives daughters daughter)
(his wives sonnes
A woman shall
not marry.
7) verse her father
8. her mothers hsuband
or stepmother
9. her brother being:
the sonne of her father
or the sonne of her mother.
10. her daughters sonne.
or her sonnes sonne.
11. her mothers husbands sonne.
12. her mothers brother.
13. her fathers brother.
14. her mothers sisters husband.
15. her daughters hsuband.
16. her sisters husband.
17. her husbands sonne.
(her husbands sonnes sonne)
(her husbands daughters
A woman shall
not marry.
7) verse her sonne
8. her husbandes sonne
or stepmother
9. her fathers sonne
her mothers sonne
10. her fathers father.
her mothers mother.
11. her mothers husbands sonne.
12. her brothers sonne.
13. her sisters sonne.
14. her husbands brothers sonne.
15. her hsubands father.
16. her husbands brother.
17. her mothers husband.
(her mothers mothers hsuband)
(her fathers mothesr
A man shall
not marry.
7) verse his daughter
8. his wives daughter
9. his father daughter.
his mothers daughter.
10. his mothers mother.
his fathers mother.
11. his father wives daughter.
12. his sisters daughter.
13. his brothers daughter.
14. his wives sisters daughter.
15. his wives daughter mother.
16. his wives sister.
17. his fathers wife.
(his fathers fathers wife)
(his mothers fathers
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a.b.c.d. ...
A.B.C.D.
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[Note:
The reference to Viète is to Variorum responsorum liber VIII, Chapter 17, entitled 'Progressio geometrica' (see also Add MS 6786, f. 453v), and Chapter 18, entitled 'Polygonorum circulo ordinate inscriptorum ad circulum


Some considerations rising upon the 23. p. of
Archimedes De Quadratura parabolæ & the 17 & 18 chap. of
Viætus his responsorum. pa.
If there be nombers in subduple proportion infinitely to find out
their

as 8.4.2.1.12.14.18.116.&
The first doubled is the summe. that is in this example .8. doubled is is
In this kind of progression if the number of places be finite. the summe is found
thus. waye
Double the first as here .8. which maketh 16. from it subtract the
last & the remayne wilbe the
for alwayes this last doth lacke of
the double of the first [???] the quantity of the

all the quantityes after the first, are æquall to the first wanting
the quantity of the
as 4 & 2 are æquall to 8 wanting 2.
4.2.1. are æquall wanting one. 4.2.1.12.14. are æquall wanting
14, & so

The summe of that whole progression the first being 8. & the last 116

All the fractions under .1. if they
be of a finite number of places
are lesse than .1.
if infinite æquall to

They are neither greater nor
If greater, it is more than the progression; for the summe of all
after the first, must be lesse than the first by the quantity of the

If lesse, then the last must must it be lesse th by a quantity
& the progression is not yet ended but it is supposed

Therefore &
In lines
The demonstration of all
is, it cannot be greater or
lesse according to the
condition and property of
the progression
The like waye in playnes or
All fractions under & from a
Subtriple are æquall to: 12
Subquadruple: 13
Subquintuple: 14
&
Consider also of triangles inscribed from a square or triangles in a circle
how to get the sum of their progression ratione

Consider also what proportion or whether any
obtain for those above a unite & others &
see another
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[Note:
The terminology and examples on this page are taken from In artem analyticen isagoge, 1591, Chapter V, Harriot has re-written Viète's examples in symbols, using + and - signs and the convention AA for A-squared, and so on. The same material appears again on Add MS 6784, f. 325, but there in Harriot's more usual lower case notation.



[tr: Antithesis]


[tr: therefore]


[tr: Ratio]


[tr: add]

[tr: Hypobibasmus]


[tr: therefore:]

[tr: Parabolismus]


[tr: therefore:]
Nota. ex nostra
[tr: Note, from my observation]

ergo per 14. p.6i. vel 34. IIi
[tr: therefore by page 14, proposition 6, or page 34, proposition 11]


[tr: therefore]

ergo etiam si b & B
[tr: therefore also if b and B are ]
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[Note:
This page refers to Proposition 53 from Book I of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor (1566). Proposition (Problem) I.53 is an extension of Proposition (Problem) I.52.
I.52. Given a straight line in a plane bounded at one point, to find in the plane the section of a cone called parabola, whose diameter is the given straight line, and whose vertex is the end of the straight line, and where whatever straight line is dropped from the section to the diameter at a given angle, will equal in square the rectangle contained by the straight line cut off by it from the vertex of the section and by some other given straight line.
There is also a reference to the equivalent construction for an ellipse, as demonstrated by Commandino in Pappi Alexandrini mathematicae collectiones (1588). The construction, and Commandino's commentary on it, are to be found on pages 320v–321.


Sit ab diameter
ac latus rectum
bah angulus ordin: applic:
d centrum hyperboles
oportet invenire axem sectionis, kl
et punctum verticis, l
[tr: according to Apollonius, Book 1, Proposition 53, page 38.]
1) fiat ai=ac
et: periferia agatur bei
secabit ac productam in e.
fiat: ap=ae2
et: aq=ap
agantur ap et aq productæ
et sunt asymptotæ
[tr: let ai=ac, and take the circumference bei, which will cut ac produced at e; let ap=ae2, and aq=ap. Taking ap et aq produced, these will be the asymptotes of the ]
2a) fiat dr=dq
Agatur periferia rsp
sit ds ad angulos rectos
fiat: dt=ds
et; du=dt
agatur ut
secetur ut per medium in l
et fiat kd=dl
Dico quod kl, est axis
et puncta l, est vertex
[tr: let dr=dq; take the circumference rsp, and set ds at right angles. Let dt=ds and du=dt; taking ut, it will be cut in the middle at l; and let kd=dl. I say that kl is the axis, and the point l is the vertex of the ]
cætera sunt de constructione
secundum Appol: lib. 1. pr: 53. pag: 38.
pro Elipsi sequenti vide pappum, pag: 321
et ibi Comandinum. Ubi nota quod ibi AH est
dimidium lateris
[tr: The rest concerns the construction according to Apollonius, Book 1, Proposition 53, page 38. For the ellipse following it, see Pappus, page 321, and that place in Commandinus, where he notes there AH is half the latus ]
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[Note:
This page refers to Proposition 54 from Book I of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor
I.54. Given two bounded straight lines perpendicular to each other, one of them being produced on the side of the right angle, to find on the straight line produced the section of a cone called hyperbola in the same plane with the straight line, so that the straight line produced is a diameter of the section and the point at the angle is the vertex, and where whatever straight line is dropped from the section to the diameter, making an angle equal to a given angle, will equal in square the rectangle applied to the other straight line having as breadth the straight line cut off the dropped straight line beginning with the vertex and projecting beyond by a figure similar and similarly situated to that contained by the original straight


Nota quod in ista
diagrammate præter
constructionem pappi,
notum etiam Apollonij:
prop. 54. lib. 1.
[tr: Note that in this diagram besides is the construction of Pappus, noted also by Apollonius in Proposition 54 of Book I on ]
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[Note:
The proposition on page 37 of Apollonius, as edited by Commandino Conicorum libri quattuor (1566), is
I.52. Given a straight line in a plane bounded at one point, to find in the plane the section of a cone called parabola, whose diameter is the given straight line, and whose vertex is the end of the straight line, and where whatever straight line is dropped from the section to the diameter at a given angle, will equal in square the rectangle contained by the straight line cut off by it from the vertex of the section and by some other given straight line.


In Dato Cono: invenire datam parabolam ad pag: 37.
[tr: In a given cone, to find a given parabola, as page 37 of Apollonius.]
Dato angulo ABC. (Coni)
et linea. b. (recta.)
Invenire Isoscelem DBE
ita ut
[tr: Given angle ABC in the cone and the stright line b, find the isosceles triangle DBE such ]
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